Evaluation of glypican‑3 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Batbaatar,Batchimeg; Gurbadam,Unenbat; Tuvshinsaikhan,Odonchimeg; Narmandakh,Nyam-Erdene; Khatanbaatar,Gerelee; Radnaabazar,Munkhbat; Erdene‑Ochir,Dulguun; Boldbaatar,Minjuur; Byambaragchaa,Munkhdelger; Amankyeldi,Yerbolat; Chogsom,Munkhzaya; Ganbileg,Nyamsuren; Batdelger,Amgalantuul; Demchig,Tserendorj; Nyam‑Osor,Lkham; Bayartugs,Batsaikhan; Batmunkh,Enkhtsatsral; Munkhjargal,Batkhishig; Lonjid,Tulgaa; Khasbagana,Batbayar; Batmunkh,Munkhbat; Jav,Sarantuya; Semchin,Munkhbayar

doi:10.3892/mco.2024.2796

Evaluation of glypican‑3 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Authors:
- Batchimeg Batbaatar
- Unenbat Gurbadam
- Odonchimeg Tuvshinsaikhan
- Nyam-Erdene Narmandakh
- Gerelee Khatanbaatar
- Munkhbat Radnaabazar
- Dulguun Erdene‑Ochir
- Minjuur Boldbaatar
- Munkhdelger Byambaragchaa
- Yerbolat Amankyeldi
- Munkhzaya Chogsom
- Nyamsuren Ganbileg
- Amgalantuul Batdelger
- Tserendorj Demchig
- Lkham Nyam‑Osor
- Batsaikhan Bayartugs
- Enkhtsatsral Batmunkh
- Batkhishig Munkhjargal
- Tulgaa Lonjid
- Batbayar Khasbagana
- Munkhbat Batmunkh
- Sarantuya Jav
- Munkhbayar Semchin
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Affiliations: Department of Molecular biology and Genetics, School of Bio Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia, National Cancer Center of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 13370, Mongolia, Institute of Medical Sciences, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, The Third Central Hospital, Ulaanbaatar 16081, Mongolia, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Chiba 286‑8686, Japan
Published online on: October 23, 2024 https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2024.2796
Article Number: 1
Copyright: © Batbaatar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers occurring worldwide, including Mongolia. Although alpha‑fetoprotein (AFP) is a widely used marker for HCC, conflicting studies have been published regarding its specificity and sensitivity towards HCC. Glypican‑3 (GPC3) is a different promising biomarker for HCC, and there is some evidence to suggest that this protein may be a more specific marker compared with AFP. GPC3 has been shown to fulfill important roles in cell proliferation and division during embryogenesis, and is rarely found in the tissues of healthy adults. The aim of the present study was to investigate the levels of serum GPC3 (sGPC3) and tissue GPC3 in Mongolian patients with HCC. Serum samples from a total of 270 individuals [HCC group, 90 patients; risk group (RG), 90 subjects; and control group, 90 subjects] were evaluated using enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay to identify the sGPC3 levels. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis of the GPC3 was performed on tissue samples from 50 patients with HCC to evaluate the expression of GPC3. sGPC3 level was found to be significantly increased in the HCC group compared with the RG and the control group, with the area under the curve=0.85 (P<0.001). sGPC3 was found to be significantly associated with hepatitis C virus status and cirrhosis (P<0.05). In addition, the tissue expression of GPC3 was associated with the serum AFP (sAFP) level. Finally, positive staining of GPC3 was observed when the sAFP level of the patient was >20 ng/ml. In conclusion, the results from the present study have supported that GPC3 may be a promising marker for HCC, and can be used as a diagnostic marker alongside AFP.