Streptococcus thoraltensis (S. thoraltensis) is a bacterium usually present in the gut microbiome of quadruped mammals. S. thoraltensis is not considered pathogenic for humans; however, several reports have identified it as the etiological agent in cases of chorioamnionitis, postpartum pneumonia and fever of unknown origin. Furthermore, it has been isolated in samples from patients with endocarditis both with and without heart valve replacement. The present study describes the case of a 38‑year‑old healthy female patient who experienced acute abdominal pain accompanied by dysuria, vesical tenesmus and constipation. A computed tomography scan revealed a retro‑uterine cystic mass due to a bacterial abscess. Following surgical drainage, microbiological culture identified S. thoraltensis as the etiological agent. The patient was thus treated with doxycycline and metronidazole, and exhibited a successful response to treatment. The increasing occurrence of S. thoraltensis in human infections suggests potential changes in the epidemiological profile of this bacterium. It is possible that human activity contributes directly or indirectly to the emergence of new pathogens. 

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