Escin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in human periodontal ligament cells

Liu,Shutai; Wang,Huaizhou; Qiu,Caiqing; Zhang,Jing; Zhang,Taowen; Zhou,Wenjuan; Lu,Zhishan; Rausch-Fan,Xiaohui; Liu,Zhonghao

doi:10.3892/mmr.2012.1031

Escin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in human periodontal ligament cells

Authors:
- Shutai Liu
- Huaizhou Wang
- Caiqing Qiu
- Jing Zhang
- Taowen Zhang
- Wenjuan Zhou
- Zhishan Lu
- Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Zhonghao Liu
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Periodontology, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264008, P.R. China, Department of Anesthesiology, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264008, P.R. China, Department of Implantology, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264008, P.R. China, Department of Periodontology, Bernhard‑Gottlieb University, Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
Published online on: August 10, 2012 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2012.1031
Pages: 1150-1154

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with gram-negative subgingival microflora infection. Accumulating experimental evidence suggests that escin exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-edematous effects. This study was designed to investigate the in vitro effects of escin on the inflammatory reaction of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLs). hPDLs were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The cells were treated with various concentrations of escin. The viability of hPDLs was evaluated using the MTT method. The expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in hPDLs and the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in the supernatant were measured. Escin significantly attenuated LPS-induced cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner in hPDLs. Treatment with escin partly blocked the expression of TLR2. Escin also lowered the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6) induced by LPS. The present findings show that escin exerts a protective effect against LPS-induced inflammation in hPDLs. It was also shown that escin is a promising medicine for the treatment of periodontitis.

View Figures

View References

1	Bascones-Martinez A, Matesanz-Perez P, Escribano-Bermejo M, et al: Periodontal disease and diabetes - Review of the Literature. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 16:722–729. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar
2	Kikkert R, Laine ML, Aarden LA and van Winkelhoff AJ: Activation of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 by Gram-negative periodontal bacteria. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 22:145–151. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
3	Re F and Strominger JL: Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 differentially activate human dendritric cells. J Biol Chem. 276:37692–37699. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4	Rojo-Botello NR, García-Hernández AL and Moreno-Fierros L: Expression of toll-like receptors 2, 4 and 9 is increased in gingival tissue from patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res. 47:62–73. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5	Quintero JC, Piesco NP and Langkamp HH: LPS responsiveness in periodontal ligament cells is regulated by tumor necrosis factor-a. J Dent Res. 74:1802–1811. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
6	Wang T, Fu FH, Zhang LM, et al: Effect of of escin on acute inflammation and the immune system in mice. Pharmacol Rep. 61:697–704. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
7	Somerman MJ, Archer SY, Imm GR and Forster RA: A comparative study of human periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts in vitro. J Dent Res. 67:66–70. 1988. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8	Pi SH, Jeong GS, Oh HW, et al: Heme oxygenase-1 mediates nicotine- and lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodont Res. 45:177–183. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
9	Zhang LM, Fu FH, Zhang XM, et al: Escin attenuates cognitive deficits and hippocampal injury after transient global cerebral ischemia in mice via regulating certain inflammatory genes. Neurochem Int. 57:119–127. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar
10	Yang XW, Zhao J, Cui JR and Guo W: Studies on the biotransformation of escin Ia by human intestinal bacteria and the anti-tumor activities of desacylla I. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao. 36:31–35. 2004.(In Chinese).
11	Graves DT and Cochran D: The contribution of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor to periodontal tissue destruction. J Periodontol. 74:391–401. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
12	Ukai T, Yumoto H, Gibson FC and Genco CA: Macrophage-elicited osteoclastogenesis in response to bacterial stimulation requires Toll-like receptor 2-dependent tumor necrosis factor-α production. Infect Immun. 76:812–819. 2008.PubMed/NCBI
13	Cheung KL, Khor TO and Kong AN: Synergistic effect of combination of phenethyl isothiocyanate and sulforaphane or curcumin and sulforaphane in the inhibition of inflammation. Pharm Res. 26:224–231. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
14	Antonietta R, Rossella P, Luigi G, Marco A, Nazario B and Maria AT: Effect of metronidazole and modulation of cytokine production on human periodontal ligament cells. Int Immunopharmacol. 10:744–750. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
15	Chiang CY, Kyritsis G, Graves DT and Amar S: Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor activities partially account for calvarial bone resorption induced by local injection of lipopolysaccharide. Infect Immun. 67:4231–4236. 1999.PubMed/NCBI
16	Gemmell E, Marshall RI and Seymour GJ: Cytokines and prostaglandins in immune homeostasis and tissue destruction in periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000. 14:112–143. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
17	Assuma R, Oates T, Cochran D, Amar S and Graves DT: IL-1 and TNF antagonists inhibit the inflammatory response and bone loss in experimental periodontitis. J Immunol. 160:403–409. 1998.PubMed/NCBI
18	Muraguchi A, Hirano T, Tang B, et al: Essential role of B-cell stimulatory factor 2 (BSF-2/IL-6) for the terminal differentiation of B-cells. J Exp Med. 167:332–344. 1988. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
19	Takahashi K, Takashiba S, Nagai A, et al: Assessment of interleukin-6 in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. J Periodontol. 65:147–153. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI