Crude extract of Euphorbia formosana inhibits the migration and invasion of DU145 human prostate cancer cells: The role of matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 inhibition via the MAPK signaling pathway

Yang,Jiun-Long; Lin,Ju-Hwa; Weng,Shu-Wen; Chen,Jaw-Chyun; Yang,Jai-Sing; Amagaya,Sakae; Funayana,Shinji; Wood,W.   Gibson; Kuo,Chao-Lin; Chung,Jing-Gung

doi:10.3892/mmr.2013.1380

Crude extract of Euphorbia formosana inhibits the migration and invasion of DU145 human prostate cancer cells: The role of matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 inhibition via the MAPK signaling pathway

Authors:
- Jiun-Long Yang
- Ju-Hwa Lin
- Shu-Wen Weng
- Jaw-Chyun Chen
- Jai-Sing Yang
- Sakae Amagaya
- Shinji Funayana
- W. Gibson Wood
- Chao-Lin Kuo
- Jing-Gung Chung
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Affiliations: Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C., Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Medicinal Botany and Healthcare, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 515, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Kampo Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan, Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Published online on: March 20, 2013 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2013.1380
Pages: 1403-1408

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Abstract

Prostate cancer is a common worldwide health problem in males with a poor prognosis due in part to tumor invasion and migration. The crude extract of Euphorbia formosana (CEEF) has been used for the treatment of numerous diseases, however, its effects on the migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells have yet to be examined. In the present study, we investigated the effects of CEEF on the migration and invasion of DU145 human prostate cancer cells in vitro. The wound healing assay and the Matrigel-uncoated migration assay were used to examine the migration of cancer cells. Western blotting was used to examine the levels of proteins associated with migration and invasion, and gelatin zymography was used to examine the secretion levels of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 (MMP‑2/9) from DU145 cells following exposure to CEEF. The results indicated that CEEF suppressed the migration and invasion of DU145 prostate cancer cells and that these effects are exerted in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. CEEF inhibited the ERK1/2, p38, JNK, SOS1, PKC, PI3K and MMP-2/9 protein expression in DU145 cells. The results demonstrated that CEEF suppressed the migration and invasion of DU145 cells through inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway resulting in the inhibition of MMP-2/9 in DU145 human prostate cancer cells.

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