Induction of altered mRNA expression profiles caused by fibrous and granular dust

Helmig,Simone; Dopp,Elke; Wenzel,Sibylle; Walter,Dirk; Schneider,Joachim

doi:10.3892/mmr.2013.1765

Induction of altered mRNA expression profiles caused by fibrous and granular dust

Authors:
- Simone Helmig
- Elke Dopp
- Sibylle Wenzel
- Dirk Walter
- Joachim Schneider
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Affiliations: Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational and Social Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany, Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
Published online on: October 29, 2013 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2013.1765
Pages: 217-228
Copyright: © Helmig et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY_NC 3.0].

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Abstract

Natural and synthetic fibres and particles are being introduced into the workplace and environment daily. Comparative analyses of the induced signalling pathways are essential in order to understand the potential hazards of these particles. To identify the molecular characteristics of particles and fibres, we selected crocidolite and chrysotile asbestos as representatives for fibered dust and titanium dioxide (TiO2) (100-200 nm), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) (50-100 nm) and hematite (Fe2O3) (20 nm) as representatives for bio-persistent granular dust. SV-40 virus-transformed human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were exposed to well-defined fibres and particles. RT2 Profiler™ PCR Array Human Stress & Toxicity PathwayFinder was used to compare the relative mRNA expression of 84 genes. A detailed characterization of the dust samples used in this study was accomplished to ensure comparability to other studies. Investigation of mRNA expression of 84 signalling molecules attributed to pathways such as DNA damage and repair; oxidative/metabolic stress; growth arrest and senescence; inflammation, proliferation and carcinogenesis; and heat shock and apoptosis revealed that crocidolite and chrysotile asbestos induced mRNA expression of pathway molecules involved in proliferation and carcinogenesis, as well as inflammation. Titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide and hematite mainly induced pathway molecules responsible for oxidative/metabolic stress and inflammation. Our findings suggest that the hazards of fibered dust mainly include the induction of direct toxicity by altering signalling pathways such as carcinogenesis and proliferation, while granular dust shows indirect toxicity by altering signalling pathways involved in inflammatory processes. PCR arrays, therefore, may be a helpful tool to estimate the hazard risk of new materials.

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