Role of peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor α in atherosclerosis

Cao,Heng; Wen,Gao; Li,Hongli

doi:10.3892/mmr.2014.2020

Role of peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor α in atherosclerosis

Authors:
- Heng Cao
- Gao Wen
- Hongli Li
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Affiliations: Department of Cardiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, College of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
Published online on: March 6, 2014 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2020
Pages: 1755-1760

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Abstract

Atherosclerosis is an inﬂammatory disease involving the immune response. In addition to lowering the cholesterol level, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) can prevent atherosclerosis via its pleiotropic anti-inflammatory effects. However, the role of PPAR-α in modulating inflammatory progression of atherosclerosis has rarely been studied. Thus, we aimed to investigate the role of PPAR-α in atherosclerosis by evaluating the expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by PPAR-α in an in vivo rabbit model. New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, high-fat diet + balloon injury, high-fat diet + balloon injury + placebo, high-fat diet + balloon injury + fenofibrate, and high-fat diet + balloon injury + WY-14643. The femoral arteries of rabbits were balloon-injured after initiation of the high-fat diet and before administration of fenofibrate, WY-14643 or placebo solution. Atherosclerosis was induced by high-fat diet and balloon angioplasty, and the vessel wall lumen occlusion was determined by measuring the stenosis rate. PPAR-α gene expression was examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The cellular localization and distribution of PPAR-α was observed by immunohistochemistry, and its protein level was assessed by western blot analysis. The production of interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and P-selectin, which are major inflammatory factors involved in atherosclerosis, was monitored by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Treatment with PPAR-α agonists (fenofibrate or WY-14643) reduced the vascular occlusion rate, as compared to the high‑fat diet + balloon injury and the placebo groups. Furthermore, the expression of PPAR-α at both the protein and the mRNA level was increased in the fenofibrate and WY-14643 groups. According to the results, the TNF-α and P-selectin levels were reduced in the fenofibrate and WY-14643 groups. These results suggest that PPAR-α activation can attenuate the effects of atherosclerosis by inhibiting the expression of major inflammatory factors in a rabbit atherosclerosis model.

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