Safflower polysaccharide inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of MCF-7 breast cancer cell

Luo,Zhongbing; Zeng,Hongxie; Ye,Yongqiang; Liu,Lianbin; Li,Shaojin; Zhang,Junyi; Luo,Rongcheng

doi:10.3892/mmr.2015.3310

Safflower polysaccharide inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of MCF-7 breast cancer cell

Authors:
- Zhongbing Luo
- Hongxie Zeng
- Yongqiang Ye
- Lianbin Liu
- Shaojin Li
- Junyi Zhang
- Rongcheng Luo
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Oncology, Cancer Center of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guandong 510315, P.R. China, Department of Chemotherapy, Ganzhou Cancer Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China, Department of Breast Surgery, Ganzhou Cancer Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
Published online on: February 6, 2015 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.3310
Pages: 4611-4616

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

Breast cancer accounts for 22.9% of all types of cancer in females worldwide. Safflower polysaccharide (SPS) is an active fraction purified from safflower petals (Carthamus tinctorius L). The present study investigated the effects of safflower polysaccharide on the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Cell viability was analyzed using an MTT assay following treatment of the MCF‑7 cells with increasing concentrations of SPS. The results demonstrated that the SPS compound significantly inhibited the proliferation of the MCF‑7 human breast cancer cell line and these inhibitory effects increased in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of SPS on breast cancer cells, following treatment for 72 h, was detected using an MTT assay and was calculated as 0.12 mg/ml. The apoptotic rate was detected using flow cytometry in the MCF‑7 human breast cancer cell line and the results revealed that SPS induced cell apoptosis. The apoptotic rate of the MCF‑7 cells treated with SPS was significantly higher compared with that of the untreated cells and increased in a dose‑dependent manner. The expression of B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) was downregulated and the expression of Bcl‑2‑associated X protein was upregulated in the MCF‑7 cells treated with SPS in a time‑dependent manner. Additionally, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase‑9 was significantly reduced and the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‑1 was increased in the MCF‑7 human breast cancer cell treated with SPS. These results demonstrated that SPS inhibited the metastasis of MCF‑7 breast cancer cells and understanding the underlying mechanisms may provide novel strategies in breast cancer therapy.

View Figures

View References

1	Willis K, Lewis S, Ng F and Wilson L: The experience of living with metastatic breast cancer-A review of the literature. Health Care Women Int. 29:1–29. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar
2	Libson S and Lippman M: A review of clinical aspects of breast cancer. Int Rev Psychiatry. 26:4–15. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
3	Eden JA: Human breast cancer stem cells and sex hormones - a narrative review. Menopause. 17:801–810. 2010.PubMed/NCBI
4	Ginossar T, De Vargas F, Sanchez C and Oetzel J: “That word, cancer”: breast care behavior of Hispanic women in new Mexico background and literature review”. Health Care Women Int. 31:68–87. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5	Verkooijen HM, Bouchardy C, Vinh-Hung V, Rapiti E and Hartman M: The incidence of breast cancer and changes in the use of hormone replacement therapy: a review of the evidence. Maturitas. 64:80–85. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
6	Deapen D: Breast implants and breast cancer: a review of incidence, detection, mortality, and survival. Plast Reconstr Surg. 120:70S–80S. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
7	Wu J: Apoptosis and angiogenesis: two promising tumor markers in breast cancer (review). Anticancer Res. 16:2233–2239. 1996.PubMed/NCBI
8	Amaral C, Borges M, Melo S, da Silva ET, Correia-da-Silva G and Teixeira N: Apoptosis and autophagy in breast cancer cells following exemestane treatment. PLoS One. 7:e423982012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
9	Yang H and Dou QP: Targeting apoptosis pathway with natural terpenoids: Implications for treatment of breast and prostate cancer. Curr Drug Targets. 11:733–744. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
10	Grimm D, Wehland M, Pietsch J, Infanger M and Bauer J: Drugs interfering with apoptosis in breast cancer. Curr Pharm Des. 17:272–283. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
11	Elumalai P, Gunadharini DN, Senthilkumar K, et al: Induction of apoptosis in human breast cancer cells by nimbolide through extrinsic and intrinsic pathway. Toxicol Lett. 215:131–142. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
12	Park H, Bergeron E, Senta H, et al: Sanguinarine induces apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cells through the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 399:446–451. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13	Li Y, He K, Huang Y, et al: Betulin induces mitochondrial cytochrome c release associated apoptosis in human cancer cells. Mol Carcinog. 49:630–640. 2010.PubMed/NCBI
14	Chen FP and Chien MH: Phytoestrogens induce apoptosis through a mitochondria/caspase pathway in human breast cancer cells. Climacteric. 17:385–389. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar
15	Aiyar SE, Park H, Aldo PB, et al: TMS, a chemically modified herbal derivative of resveratrol, induces cell death by targeting Bax. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 124:265–277. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
16	Boohaker RJ, Zhang G, Lee MW, et al: Rational development of a cytotoxic peptide to trigger cell death. Mol Pharm. 9:2080–2093. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
17	Wang XX, Cheng Q, Zhang SN, et al: PAK5-Egr1-MMP2 signaling controls the migration and invasion in breast cancer cell. Tumour Biol. 34:2721–2729. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
18	Zu X, Zhang Q, Cao R, et al: Transforming growth factor-beta signaling in tumor initiation, progression and therapy in breast cancer: an update. Cell Tissue Res. 347:73–84. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar
19	Folgueira MA, Maistro S, Katayama ML, et al: Markers of breast cancer stromal fibroblasts in the primary tumour site associated with lymph node metastasis: a systematic review including our case series. Biosci Rep. 33:e000852013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
20	Jezierska A and Motyl T: Matrix metalloproteinase-2 involvement in breast cancer progression: a mini-review. Med Sci Monit. 15:RA32–RA40. 2009.PubMed/NCBI
21	Nyormoi O, Mills L and Bar-Eli M: An MMP-2/MMP-9 inhibitor, 5a, enhances apoptosis induced by ligands of the TNF receptor superfamily in cancer cells. Cell Death Differ. 10:558–569. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
22	Sun Y, Lu N, Ling Y, et al: Oroxylin A suppresses invasion through down-regulating the expression of matrix metallopro-teinase-2/9 in MDA-MB-435 human breast cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 603:22–28. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar
23	Lewandowska U, Szewczyk K, Owczarek K, et al: Flavanols from Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica) fruit inhibit human prostate and breast cancer cell line invasiveness and cause favorable changes in Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio. Nutr Cancer. 65:273–285. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
24	Li F, Li C, Zhang H, et al: VI-14, a novel flavonoid derivative, inhibits migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 261:217–226. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
25	Wakabayashi T, Hirokawa S, Yamauchi N, Kataoka T, Woo JT and Nagai K: Immunomodulating activities of polysaccharide fractions from dried safflower petals. Cytotechnology. 25:205–211. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
26	Ando I, Tsukumo Y, Wakabayashi T, et al: Safflower polysaccharides activate the transcription factor NF-kappa B via Toll-like receptor 4 and induce cytokine production by macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol. 2:1155–1162. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
27	Shi X, Ruan D, Wang Y, Ma L and Li M: Anti-tumor activity of safflower polysaccharide (SPS) and effect on cytotoxicity of CTL cells, NK cells of T739 lung cancer in mice. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 35:215–218. 2010.In Chinese. PubMed/NCBI
28	Chen L, Xiang Y, Kong L, et al: Hydroxysafflor yellow A protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by anti-apoptotic effect through PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway in rat. Neurochem Res. 38:2268–2275. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
29	Lin FM and Pomeranz Y: Effect of borate on colorimetric determinations of carbohydrates by the phenol-sulfuric acid method. Anal Biochem. 24:128–131. 1968. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
30	Masuko T, Minami A, Iwasaki N, Majima T, Nishimura S and Lee YC: Carbohydrate analysis by a phenol-sulfuric acid method in microplate format. Anal Biochem. 339:69–72. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
31	Saha SK and Brewer CF: Determination of the concentrations of oligosaccharides, complex type carbohydrates, and glycoproteins using the phenol-sulfuric acid method. Carbohydr Res. 254:157–167. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
32	Cuesta G, Suarez N, Bessio MI, Ferreira F and Massaldi H: Quantitative determination of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide serotype 14 using a modification of phenol-sulfuric acid method. J Microbiol Methods. 52:69–73. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar
33	Siponen ET, Joensuu H and Leidenius MH: Local recurrence of breast cancer after mastectomy and modern multidisciplinary treatment. Acta Oncol. 52:66–72. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar
34	Koscielny S and Tubiana M: The link between local recurrence and distant metastases in human breast cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 43:11–24. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
35	Dian D, Straub J, Scholz C, et al: Influencing factors for regional lymph node recurrence of breast cancer. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 277:127–134. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar
36	Hristov AN, Kennington LR, McGuire MA and Hunt CW: Effect of diets containing linoleic acid- or oleic acid-rich oils on ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestibility, and performance and fatty acid composition of adipose and muscle tissues of finishing cattle. J Anim Sci. 83:1312–1321. 2005.PubMed/NCBI