Metformin inhibits early stage diethylnitrosamine‑induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats

Jo,Woori; Yu,Eun‑Sil; Chang,Minsun; Park,Hyun‑Kyu; Choi,Hyun‑Ji; Ryu,Jae‑Eun; Jang,Sungwoong; Lee,Hyo‑Ju; Jang,Ja‑June; Son,Woo‑Chan

doi:10.3892/mmr.2015.4513

Metformin inhibits early stage diethylnitrosamine‑induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats

Authors:
- Woori Jo
- Eun‑Sil Yu
- Minsun Chang
- Hyun‑Kyu Park
- Hyun‑Ji Choi
- Jae‑Eun Ryu
- Sungwoong Jang
- Hyo‑Ju Lee
- Ja‑June Jang
- Woo‑Chan Son
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Affiliations: Comparative Pathology Core, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138‑736, Republic of Korea, Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sookmyung Woman's University, Seoul 140‑742, Republic of Korea, Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110‑799, Republic of Korea
Published online on: November 6, 2015 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4513
Pages: 146-152
Copyright: © Jo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Antitumor effects of metformin have recently emerged despite its original use for type II diabetes. In the present study, the effects of metformin on the development and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were investigated using the diethylnitrosamine (DEN)‑induced rat model of HCC. Tumor foci were characterized by gross examination and by histopathological characteristics, including proliferation, hepatic progenitor cell content and the expression of hepatocarcinoma‑specific molecular markers. Potential target molecules of metformin were investigated to determine the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibitory effects of metformin on chemically induced liver tumorigenesis. The antitumor effects of metformin were increased by the reduction of surface nodules and decreased the incidence of altered hepatocellular foci, hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma. Also, decreased expression levels of glutathione S‑transferase placental form, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cytokeratin 8 described the inhibitory effects of metformin on HCC. In the present study, Wistar rats receiving treatment with DEN were administered metformin for 16 weeks. In addition, metformin suppressed liver tumorigenesis via an AMPK‑dependent pathway. These results suggested that metformin has promising effects on the early stage of HCC in rats. Therefore, metformin may be used for the prevention of HCC recurrence following primary chemotherapy for HCC and/or for high‑risk patients, including chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis.

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