Cassiae semen: A review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology (Review)
- Authors:
- Xiaoxv Dong
- Jing Fu
- Xingbin Yin
- Chunjing Yang
- Xin Zhang
- Wenping Wang
- Xueying Du
- Qingling Wang
- Jian Ni
-
Affiliations: Department of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceuticals, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, P.R. China - Published online on: June 29, 2017 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6880
- Pages: 2331-2346
-
Copyright: © Dong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
This article is mentioned in:
Abstract
 |
 |
 |
|
Editorial Committee of Chinese PharmacopoeiaChinese Pharmacopoeia. 2015. Medical Science and Technology Press; Beijing, China: pp. 1452015 | |
|
Cho SH, Kim TH, Lee NH, Son HS, Cho IJ and Ha TY: Effects of Cassia tora fiber supplement on serum lipids in Korean diabetic patients. J Med Food. 8:311–318. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Zhang W, Wang Y, Wang Q, Yang WJ, Gu Y, Wang R, Song XM and Wang XJ: Quality evaluation of Semen Cassiae (Cassia obtusifolia L.) by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci. 35:2054–2062. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Chen JK and Chen TT: Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology. CA: Art of Medicine Press; pp. 8032001 | |
|
Hao YJ, Sang YL and Zhao YQ: The advancement of the studies on the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia. Chinese Tradit Herb Drugs. 32:858–859. 2001. | |
|
Kim DH, Yoon BH, Kim YW, Lee S, Shin BY, Jung JW, Kim HJ, Lee YS, Choi JS, Kim SY, et al: The seed extract of Cassia obtusifolia ameliorates learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine or transient cerebral hypoperfusion in mice. J Pharmacol Sci. 105:82–93. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Kitanaka S, Kimura F and Takido M: Studies on the Constituents of seeds of Cassia obusifolia LINN. The structures of two new anthraquinone glycosides. Chem Pharm Bull. 33:1274–1276. 1985. View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Zhang C, Li GL, Xiao YQ and Pang LZ: Two new glycosides from the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia. Chinese Chem Lett. 20:1097–1099. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Deng ZY, Zhang JW, Li J, Fan YW, Cao SW, Huang RL, Yin YL, Zhong HY and Li TJ: Effect of polysaccharides of cassiae seeds on the intestinal microflora of piglets. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 16:(Suppl 1). 143–147. 2007.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Luo X, Xu X, Huang C, Wu X, Liu J, Lan B and Xu J: Experiment study of total anthraquinone in Cassiae Semen on lipid peroxidation and PPAR-gamma expression in liver tissues of rats with alcoholic fatty liver. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 36:1654–1658. 2011.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Su H, Wang Z and Tang L: Simultaneous determination of 4 major components in Cassiae Semen obtusifoline by HPLC. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 36:1327–1329. 2011.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Yen GC, Chen HW and Duh PD: Extraction and identification of an antioxidative component from Jue Ming Zi (Cassia tora L.). J Agr Food Chem. 46:820–824. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Patil UK, Saraf S and Dixit VK: Hypolipidemic activity of seeds of Cassia tora Linn. J Ethnopharmacol. 90:249–252. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Choi JS, Lee HJ, Park KY, Ha JO and Kang SS: In vitro antimutagenic effects of anthraquinone aglycones and naphthopyrone glycosides from Cassia tora. Planta Med. 63:11–14. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Lee GY, Jang DS, Lee YM, Kim JM and Kim JS: Naphthopyrone glucosides from the seeds of Cassia tora with inhibitory activity on advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation. Arch Pharm Res. 29:587–590. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Jung DH, Kim YS, Kim NH, Lee J, Jang DS and Kim JS: Extract of Cassiae semen and its major compound inhibit S100b-induced TGF-beta1 and fibronectin expression in mouse glomerular mesangial cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 641:7–14. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Hatano T, Uebayashi H, Ito H, Shiota S, Tsuchiya T and Yoshida T: Phenolic constituents of Cassia seeds and antibacterial effect of some naphthalenes and anthraquinones on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 47:1121–1127. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Das C, Dash S, Sahoo DC, Mohanty A and Rout D: Cassia tora: A phyto-pharmacological overview. Int J Res Ayurveda Pharm. 2:1162–1174. 2011. | |
|
Kitanaka S, Nakayama T, Shibano T, Ohkoshi E and Takido M: Antiallergic agent from natural sources. Structures and inhibitory effect of histamine release of naphthopyrone glycosides from seeds of Cassia obtusifolia L. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 46:1650–1652. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Deore SL, Khadabadi SS, Kamdi KS, Ingle VP, Kawalkar NG, Sawarkar PS, Patil UA and Vyas AJ: In vitro Anthelmintic activity of Cassia tora. Int J Chem Tech Res. 1:177–179. 2009. | |
|
Editorial Board of Flora of China. Science Publishing House Press; pp. 1261988 | |
|
Du ZX: Comparative identification of Cassiae Semen and Sesbania aculeata Pers. Chinese Pharm J. 30:204–205. 1995. | |
|
Zhu SY, Xv HJ and Xv MG: Comparative identification of Semen Cassiae and Cassia sophera. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs. 34:379–380. 2003. | |
|
Liu J, Zou CC and Sun ZF: Comparative identification of Cassiae Semen and Cassia occidentalis L. Heilongjiang Med Pharm. 29:63–64. 2006. | |
|
Hu YJ, Wan L, Zhang JX, et al: Identification of Cassia obtusifolia L. by TLC. Lishizhen Med Mater Med Res. 17:21292006. | |
|
Sun GF: Identification of Cassia obtusifolia L., Cassia tora. and Cassia occidentalis L. by SDS-Polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis. Tianjin Pharm. 8:69–71. 1996. | |
|
Wang JB, Zhou X and Hu ZF: Quality evaluation of Cassiae Semen by both indicated component determination and HPLC fingerprint. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs. 39:917–919. 2008. | |
|
Luo Y, Zhang L, Wang WH and Li B: Components identification in Cassiae Semen by HPLC-IT-TOF MS. Chin J Pharm Anal. 35:1408–1516. 2015. | |
|
Lee HJ, Choi JS, Jung JH and Kang SS: Alaternin glucoside isomer from Cassia tora. Phytochemistry. 49:1403–1404. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Chen QD, Xv R, Xv ZN, et al: Progress in studies of active coustituents of anthraquinones and their biological activities from Cassiae Semen. Chins J Mod Appl Pharm. 20:120–123. 2003. | |
|
DiGiovanni J and Boutwell RK: Tumor promoting activity of 1, 8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-9-anthrone (chrysarobin) in female SENCAR mice. Carcinogenesis. 4:281–284. 1983. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Jia ZB, Chen WW, Jiang JX and DING XL: Study on anthraquinone constituents in the seed of Cassia tora L. Chem Ind Forest Prod. 29:100–102. 2009. | |
|
Xv YL: Studies on the chemical constituents from Semen Cassiae and the influence of processing. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. 1:152014. | |
|
Takido M: Studies on the constituents of the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia L. I. The Structure of Obtusifolin. Chem Pharm Bull. 6:397–400. 1958. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Takido M: Studies on the constituents of seeds of Cassia obusifolia L. II. The structure of Obtusin, Chryso-obutsin and Aurantio-obyusin. Chem Pharm Bull. 8:2461960. View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Kitanaka S and Takido M: Studies on the constituents of the seeds of Cassia obusifolia: The structures of three new anthraquinones. Chem Pharm Bull. 32:860–864. 1984. View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Tang LY, Wang ZJ, Fu HM, et al: Study on anthraquinones constituents from Semen Cassiae. J Chinese Med Mater. 32:717–719. 2009a. | |
|
Zhang ZX and Liang YF: Isolation and identification of chemical constituents from seeds of Cassia obtusifolia. China Pharm. 23:1782–1783. 2012. | |
|
Yun-Choi HS, Kim JH and Takido M: Potential inhibitors of platelet aggregation from plant sources, V. Anthraquinones from seeds of Cassia obtusifolia and related compounds. J Nat Prod. 53:630–633. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Hao YJ, Sang YL and Zhao YQ: Study on anthraquinone constituents in Cassiae Semen. Chinese Tradit Herb Drugs. 34:18–19. 2003. | |
|
Li CH, Wei XY and Li XE: A new anthraquinone glycoside from the seed of Cassia obtusifolia. Chinese Chem Lett. 15:1448–1450. 2004. | |
|
Wong SM, Wong MM, Seligmann O and Wagner H: Anthraquinone glycosides from the seeds of Cassia tora. Phytochemistry. 28:211–214. 1989. View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Tang LY, Wang ZJ, Fu MH, He Y, Wu HW and Huang LQ: A new anthraquinone glycoside from seeds of Cassia obtusifolia. Chinese Chem Lett. 19:1083–1085. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Li G, Xiao Y, Li L, Zhang C and Pang Z: Studies on chemical constituents of roasted seeds of Cassia obtusifolia. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 34:54–56. 2009.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Tang LY, Wang ZJ, He Y, et al: Glycosides from seeds of Cassia obtusifolia. Chinese J Exp Tradit Med Formulae. 15:35–37. 2009b. | |
|
Jia ZB and Ding XL: Anthraquinone constituents from seeds of Cassia tora L. J Chinese Med Mater. 29:28–29. 2006. | |
|
Miyuki K, Eisaku M and Shoji S: Chemical Studies on the Oriental Plant Drugs. XXI. The Constituents of Cassia tora L. (2). A Glycoside of Rubrofusarin. Chem Pharm Bull. 17:458–461. 1969. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Shibata S, Morishita E and Kaneda M: Chemical Studies on the Oriental Plant Drugs. XX. The Constituents of Cassia tora L. (1). The Structure of Torachrysone. Chem Pharm Bull. 17:454–457. 1969. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Takahashi S and Takido M: Studies on the constituents of the seeds of Cassia tora L. II. (On the purgative crude drugs. VII). The structure of the new naphthopyrone derivative, toralactone. Yakugaku Zasshi. 93:2611973. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Wong SM, Wong MM, Seligmann O and Wagner H: New antihepatotoxic naphthopyrone glycosides from the seeds of Cassia tora. Planta Med. 55:276–280. 1989. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Choi JS, Jung JH, Lee HJ, Lee HJ, Lee JH and Kang SS: A naphthalene glycoside from Cassia tora. Phytochemistry. 40:997–999. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Tianaka S and Takido M: Studies on the constituents of the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia L. The structures of two naphthopyrone glycosides. Chem Pharm Bull. 36:3980–3984. 1988. View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Kitanaka S and Miehio T: Studies on the constituents of the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia: The structures of two new lactones, isotoralactone and cassialactone. Phytochemistry. 20:1951–1953. 1981. View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Li L, Zhang C, Xiao YQ, Li W, Yin X, Chen D, Tian G and Wang Y: Glycosides of roasted seeds of Cassia obtusifolia. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 35:1566–1568. 2010.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Wang ZJ, Wu QP, Tang LY, Fu MH, He Y, Gong QF and Hung LQ: Two new glycosides from the genus of Cassia. Chinese Chem Lett. 18:1218–1220. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Li YM: Comparison of volatile components of Cassiae Semen and semen seeds tea. J Med Plants Res. 6:3865–3869. 2012. | |
|
Jiao SF and Han HD: Studies on chemical constituents of Cassiae Semen. Chinese J Clin Ration Drug Use. 3:81–82. 2010. | |
|
Wu XH: Study on the chemical constituents, quality control and metabolism of Cassia obtusifolia. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology. 1:11–12. 2010. | |
|
Guan Y and Zhao S: Yishou jiangzhi (de-blood-lipid) tablets in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. J Tradit Chin Med. 15:178–179. 1995.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Yang Y, Liu J and Lai XH: Observation on cassia seed tea combined with walking exercise on weight loss in the elderly. Modern Prev Med. 40:2468–2474. 2013. | |
|
Lai XH: Double intervention of cassia seed tea and sports on older women weight loss. Chinese J Gerontol. 31:2402–2404. 2011. | |
|
Zhang R, Feng ML and Wu YP: Experimental study on the active situs of fetid cassia seed to reduce blood lipid and their dose-effect relation. China Remedies Clin. 5:183–185. 2005b. | |
|
Zhang JX, Wan L, Hu YJ, Qu OL and Shi JY: Study on the effective part of reducing blood lipid in Semen Cassiae. Lishizhen Med Mater Med Res. 17:904–905. 2006. | |
|
Li CH, Li XE and Guo BJ: The effects of Cassia obtusifolia seeds extracts on reducing blood lipid. J South China Normal Univ. 98:29–32. 2002. | |
|
Wang YH, Gao L, Zhou WJ and Ma WJ: Effects of ethanol extraction from Cassiae Semen on Serum IL-6 and TNF-α in hyperlipidemia rats. Chinese J Exp Tradit Med Formulae. 20:178–181. 2014. | |
|
He JY, Liu SQ, Peng YF, et al: Study of the Mechanism of Cassia Obtusifolia L in decreasing blood -lipid. China Pharm. 14:202–203. 2003. | |
|
Cho IJ, Lee C and Ha TY: Hypolipidemic effect of soluble fiber isolated from seeds of Cassia tora Linn. In rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. J Agric Food Chem. 55:1592–1596. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Liu SM, Sun C and Xie WH: Effect of Semen Cassiae extracts on expression of lipogenesis genes in hyperlipidemia model mice. Chinese Tradit Herb Drugs. 40:583–587. 2009. | |
|
Wei N, Lv HR and Liu MF: Study on the chemical constitutions of reducing blood lipid in Cassiae Semen. Guangdong Chem Ind. 39:99–100. 2012. | |
|
Li BL: The active ingredients of reducing blood lipid in Semen Cassia. China Prac Med. 7:172–173. 2012. | |
|
Guo CY, Horn W and Pin DD: Extraction and identification of an antioxidative component from Jue Ming Zi (Cassia tora L.). J Agric Food Chem. 46:820–824. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Li XE and Guo BJ: Effects of protein and anthraquinone glucosides from Cassia seed on serum lipid of hyperlipidemia rats. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 27:374–376. 2002.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Li CH, Li XE, Fang KY and Guo BJ: Effects of anthraquinones from Cassia obtusifolia L. on cholesterol biosynthesis in cells. J Clin Rehabilit Tissue Eng Res. 12:6593–6596. 2008. | |
|
Huang YL, Chow CJ and Tsai YH: Composition, characteristics, and in-vitro physiological effects of the water-soluble polysaccharides from Cassia seed. Food Chem. 134:1967–1972. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Kim YS, Jung DH, Sohn E, Lee YM, Kim CS and Kim JS: Extract of Cassiae semen attenuates diabetic nephropathy via inhibition of advanced glycation end products accumulation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Phytomedicine. 21:734–739. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Jung DH, Kim YS, Sohn EJ, et al: Effects of CS, a BuOH-Soluble Fraction of Cassiae Semen Methanolic Extract, on COX-2 Expression in Renal Cortex of STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats and Cultured Glomerular Mesangial Cells. Diabetes. 56:pA155. 2007. | |
|
Zhu TC: Inhibitory Effects of Cassia Seed on the Renal Fibrosis in Diabetic Rats. Chin J Exp Tradit Med Formulae. 18:315–319. 2012. | |
|
Kim DH, Kim S, Jung WY, Park SJ, Park DH, Kim JM, Cheong JH and Ryu JH: The neuroprotective effects of the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia on transient cerebral global ischemia in mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 47:1473–1479. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Drever BD, Anderson WG, Riedel G, Kim DH, Ryu JH, Choi DY and Platt B: The seed extract of Cassia obtusifolia offers neuroprotection to mouse hippocampal cultures. J Pharmacol Sci. 107:380–392. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Yi JH, Park HJ, Lee S, Jung JW, Kim BC, Lee YC, Ryu JH and Kim DH: Cassia obtusifolia seed ameliorates amyloid β-induced synaptic dysfunction through anti-inflammatory and Akt/GSK-3β pathways. J Ethnopharmacol. 178:50–57. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Ju MS, Kim HG, Choi JG, Ryu JH, Hur J, Kim YJ and Oh MS: Cassiae semen, a seed of Cassia obtusifolia, has neuroprotective effects in Parkinson's disease models. Food Chem Toxicol. 48:2037–2044. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Liu JZ, Lin X, Li XE and Guo BJ: Effect of protein and anthraquinone glucosides from Semen Cassiae on learning and memory capacity and related substances of senile mice induced by D-galactone. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 32:516–519. 2007.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Jiangsu New Medical College: Encyclopedia of Chinese MateriaMedica, I. Shanghai Science and Technology Press; Shanghai, China: pp. 949841975 | |
|
Yun HS and Chang IM: Plants with liver protective activities (I). Korean J Pharmacogn. 8:125–129. 1977. | |
|
Gao Q, Xu H and Chen J: Liver-protective and bowel-lubricating and defecation-promoting effects of crude and processed Semen Cassiae. Tradit Chinese Drug Res Clin Pharmacol. 18:194–196. 2007. | |
|
Lin DJ and Jin Z: Experimental Study on Protective Effect of Semen Cassiae Extract Against Acute Liver Injury. Lishizhen Med Mater Med Res. 17:214–215. 2006. | |
|
Niu YF, Zhao T, Zeng T, et al: Study on the protective effect of Cassiae Semen extract against alcohol-induced acute liver injury in mice. J Toxicol. 24:58–61. 2010. | |
|
Kim YM, Lee CH, Kim HG and Lee HS: Anthraquinones isolated from Cassia tora (Leguminosae) seed show an antifungal property against phytopathogenic fungi. J Agr Food Chem. 52:6096–6100. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Li Y, Xu C, Zhang Q, Liu JY and Tan RX: In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori action of 30 Chinese herbal medicines used to treat ulcer diseases. J Ethnopharmacol. 98:329–333. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Sung BK, Kim MK, Lee WH, Lee DH and Lee HS: Growth responses of Cassia obtusifolia toward human intestinal bacteria. Fitoterapia. 75:505–509. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Li XH, Gong CR, Cao H, et al: Primary study on inhabiting of the extracts from Cassia obtusifolia seeds against Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea. J Shanxi Agric Univ. 26:348–350. 2006. | |
|
Yen GC and Chung DY: Antioxidant Effects of Extracts from Cassia tora L. Prepared under different degrees of roasting on the oxidative damage to biomolecules. J Agr Food Chem. 47:1326–1332. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Yen GC and Chuang DY: Antioxidant properties of water extracts from Cassia tora L. In relation to the degree of roasting. J Agr Food Chem. 48:2760–2765. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Xv JG and Hu QP: Study on Free Radical Scavenging Capacity by Cassia Seed Water Extract in vitro. Food Sci. 27:73–75. 2006. | |
|
Guo CQ, Yan J, Wu XY, Xu GY, Fan CH and Gou XJ: Study on purification and antioxidation of water-soluble polysaccharide isolated from semen cassia. Food Sci. 28:205–208. 2007. | |
|
Liu J, Deng ZY and Yu HH: Antioxidation Study on Water-soluble Polysaccharide Isolated from Semen Cassiae. Food Sci. 27:61–63. 2006. | |
|
Liu C, Liu Q, Sun J, Jiang Bb and Yan J: Extraction of water-soluble polysaccharide and the antioxidant activity from Cassiae Semen. J Food Drug Anal. 22:492–499. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Zeng H, Liu Q, Wang M, Jiang S, Zhang L, He X, Wang J and Chen X: Target-guided separation of antioxidants from Semen cassia via off-line two-dimensional high-speed counter-current chromatography combined with complexation and extrusion elution mode. J Chromatogr B. 1001:58–65. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Kim SY, Kim JH, Kim SK, Oh MJ and Jung MY: Antioxidant activities of selected oriental herb extracts. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 71:633–640. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Choi JS, Lee HJ and Kang SS: Alatemin, cassiaside and rubrofusarin gentiobioside, radical scavenging principles from the seeds of Cassia tora on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Arch Pharm Res. 17:462–466. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Koo A, Wang JC and Li KM: Extraction of hypotensive principles from seeds of Cassia tora. Am J Chin Med (Gard City N Y). 4:245–248. 1976. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Koo A, Chan WS and Li KM: A possible reflex mechanism of hypotensive action of extract from Cassia tora seeds. Am J Chin Med (Gard City N Y). 4:249–255. 1976. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Chan SH, Koo A and Li KM: The involvement of medullary reticular formation in the hypotensive effect of extracts from seeds of Cassia tora. Am J Chin Med (Gard City N Y). 4:383–389. 1976. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Mao WH, Shang QH, Liu AD, et al: Effects of Cassiae Semen Extracts on Vasorelaxation and Its Mechanisms in Rat Aorta. Chin J Hypertens. 18:60–63. 2010. | |
|
Zhang CZ, Wang SX, Zhang Y, Chen JP and Liang XM: In vitro estrogenic activities of Chinese medicinal plants traditionally used for the management of menopausal symptoms. J Ethnopharmacol. 98:295–300. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Wu CH and Yen GC: Antigenotoxic properties of Cassia tea (Cassia tora L.): Mechanism of action and the influence of roasting process. Life Sci. 76:85–101. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Fu F, Tian F, Zhou H, Lv W, Tie R, Ji L, Li R, Shi Z, Yu L, Liang X, et al: Semen cassiae attenuates myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in high-fat diet streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Am J Chinese Med. 42:95–108. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Zhang P and Chen JW: HPLC Fingerprint of Cassiae Semen. Chinese Tradit Herb Drugs. 38:372–375. 2007. | |
|
Luo W, Liu B, Wang W, et al: HPLC fingerprint chromatogram of Cassiae Semen. J Beijing Univ Tradit Chin Med. 32:115–117. 2009. | |
|
Wang WY, Zhao Q, Zhang TJ, et al: HPLC Fingerprint and chemical pattern recognition of Cassiae Semen. Chinese Tradit Herb Drugs. 40:1638–1641. 2009. | |
|
Tang YL, Liang TZ, Zhang HX and Xu JY: Study on fingerprint of Cassiae Semen, ultramicro powder and powder particle. Zhong Yao Cai. 34:1861–1866. 2011.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Wang N, Wu Y, Wu X, Liang S and Sun H: A novel nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis method for effective separation and simultaneous determination of aurantio-obtusin, emodin and rhein in semen cassiae and cassia seed tea. Anal Methods. 6:5133–5139. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Yang C, Wang S, Guo X, Sun J, Liu L and Wu L: Simultaneous determination of seven anthraquinones in rat plasma by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry and pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of Semen Cassiae extract. J Ethnopharmacol. 169:305–313. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Hyun SK, Lee H, Kang SS, Chung HY and Choi JS: Inhibitory activities of Cassia tora and its anthraquinone constituents on angiotensin-converting enzyme. Phytother Res. 23:178–184. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Dhanasekaran M, Ignacimuthu S and Agastian P: Potential hepatoprotective activity of ononitol monohydrate isolated from Cassia tora L. on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Phytomedicine. 16:891–895. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Jung HA, Ali MY, Jung HJ, Jeong HO, Chung HY and Choi JS: Inhibitory activities of major anthraquinones and other constituents from Cassia obtusifolia against β-secretase and cholinesterases. J Ethnopharmacol. 191:152–160. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Wen CC, Shyur LF, Jan JT, Liang PH, Kuo CJ, Arulselvan P, Wu JB, Kuo SC and Yang NS: Traditional Chinese medicine herbal extracts of Cibotium barometz, Gentiana scabra, Dioscorea batatas, Cassia tora and Taxillus chinensis inhibit SARS-CoV replication. J Tradit Complement Med. 1:41–50. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI |
