Chloroquine promotes gefitinib‑induced apoptosis by inhibiting protective autophagy in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

Ou,Chengshan; Liu,Hongxia; Ding,Zhenhua; Zhou,Liang

doi:10.3892/mmr.2019.10734

Chloroquine promotes gefitinib‑induced apoptosis by inhibiting protective autophagy in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

Authors:
- Chengshan Ou
- Hongxia Liu
- Zhenhua Ding
- Liang Zhou
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Affiliations: Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China, Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
Published online on: October 9, 2019 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2019.10734
Pages: 4855-4866
Copyright: © Ou et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Aberrant expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays vital roles in tumor development and progression. In the present study, ultraviolet irradiation induced the upregulation of EGFR in skin‑derived keratinocytes, which may contribute to the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). This was supported by the high expression of EGFR in CSCC clinical samples. Treating A431 CSCC cells with gefitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, activated the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway while inducing protective autophagy. Combined application of chloroquine with gefitinib enhanced the treatment efficacy of gefitinib against CSCC by inhibiting autophagic flux. These findings demonstrated that autophagy inhibition may be an effective strategy for enhancing the sensitivity of EGFR‑expressing cells to tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. Manipulating pro‑survival autophagy by the combined application of chloroquine with gefitinib is a promising approach for improving the efficacy of EGFR inhibitors in cancer treatment. This may contribute to novel EGFR‑targeted therapeutic strategies in the near future.

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