Xanthan gum protects temporomandibular chondrocytes from IL‑1β through Pin1/NF‑κB signaling pathway

Yuan,Fang; Xie,Jian‑Li; Liu,Ke‑Yin; Shan,Jian‑Liang; Sun,Yu‑Gang; Ying,Wang‑Gui

doi:10.3892/mmr.2020.11233

Xanthan gum protects temporomandibular chondrocytes from IL‑1β through Pin1/NF‑κB signaling pathway

Authors:
- Fang Yuan
- Jian‑Li Xie
- Ke‑Yin Liu
- Jian‑Liang Shan
- Yu‑Gang Sun
- Wang‑Gui Ying
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Affiliations: Department of Prosthodontics, East Branch, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250001, P.R. China, Department of Prosthodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250001, P.R. China, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology of Shandong Province/Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250001, P.R. China, Department of Prosthodontics, Shungeng Branch, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250001, P.R. China
Published online on: June 15, 2020 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11233
Pages: 1129-1136
Copyright: © Yuan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a complicated and multi‑factorial disease related to inflammation and cartilage destruction. Intra‑articular injection of xanthan gum (XG) has been demonstrated to protect the joint cartilage and reduce osteoarthritis progression. However, the role and mechanism of XG in TMD is still unclear. In the present study, chondrocytes were isolated from rats and identified by immunofluorescence. Cells were stimulated by XG or interleukin (IL)‑1β. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‑α) and IL‑6 levels were determined by ELISA. The expression of monocyte chemoattractive protein‑1 (MCP‑1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), collagens, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), peptidyl‑prolyl isomerase 1 (Pin1) and phosphorylated nuclear factor κB (NF‑κB) p65 (p‑p65) was analyzed by quantitative PCR or western blotting. MMP activity was assessed by gelatin zymography. Compared with the control, XG treatment partially reversed the IL‑1β‑reduced cell viability. In addition, IL‑1β stimulation increased inflammatory cytokine expression, including TNF‑α, IL‑6 secretion, MCP‑1 and iNOS expression, whereas XG treatment reduced the expression of these inflammatory cytokines compared with that of the IL‑1β‑stimulated cells. Additionally, XG increased the expression of collagen, but reduced MMP expression and activity as compared with that in the IL‑1β group. In addition, XG treatment prevented the IL‑1β‑increased Pin1 and p‑p65 expression. These data suggested that XG reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines and may maintain the balance between collagens and MMPs partially through the Pin1/NF‑κB signaling pathway in IL‑1β‑stimulated temporomandibular chondrocytes. Therefore, XG may be useful in the treatment of TMD.

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