Open Access

Underlying mechanisms and treatment of acetaminophen‑induced liver injury (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Ruisi Li
    • Haojia Wu
    • Yue Xu
    • Xiaoying Xu
    • Yiheng Xu
    • Haitang Huang
    • Xiaojuan Lv
    • Chu Liao
    • Junqiu Ye
    • Hengfei Li
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: February 24, 2025     https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2025.13471
  • Article Number: 106
  • Copyright: © Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Acetaminophen (APAP) is safe at therapeutic doses; however, when ingested in excess, it accumulates in the liver and leads to severe hepatotoxicity, which in turn may trigger acute liver failure (ALF). This is known as APAP poisoning and is a major type of drug‑related liver injury. In the United States, APAP poisoning accounts for ≥50% of the total number of ALF cases, making it one of the most common triggers of ALF. According to the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, the incidence of APAP‑associated hepatotoxicity has increased over the past few decades; however, the mechanism underlying liver injury due to APAP poisoning has remained inconclusive. The present study aims to comprehensively review and summarize the latest research progress on the mechanism of APAP‑induced liver injury, and to provide scientific and effective guidance for the clinical treatment of APAP poisoning through in‑depth analysis of the metabolic pathways, toxicity‑producing mechanisms and possible protective mechanisms of APAP in the liver.
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April-2025
Volume 31 Issue 4

Print ISSN: 1791-2997
Online ISSN:1791-3004

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Li R, Wu H, Xu Y, Xu X, Xu Y, Huang H, Lv X, Liao C, Ye J, Li H, Li H, et al: Underlying mechanisms and treatment of acetaminophen‑induced liver injury (Review). Mol Med Rep 31: 106, 2025.
APA
Li, R., Wu, H., Xu, Y., Xu, X., Xu, Y., Huang, H. ... Li, H. (2025). Underlying mechanisms and treatment of acetaminophen‑induced liver injury (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 31, 106. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2025.13471
MLA
Li, R., Wu, H., Xu, Y., Xu, X., Xu, Y., Huang, H., Lv, X., Liao, C., Ye, J., Li, H."Underlying mechanisms and treatment of acetaminophen‑induced liver injury (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 31.4 (2025): 106.
Chicago
Li, R., Wu, H., Xu, Y., Xu, X., Xu, Y., Huang, H., Lv, X., Liao, C., Ye, J., Li, H."Underlying mechanisms and treatment of acetaminophen‑induced liver injury (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 31, no. 4 (2025): 106. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2025.13471