Open Access

Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: A comparison of Western and Chinese methods with respect to diagnosis, treatment and outcome

  • Authors:
    • Xin Yan Zhao
    • Mohmedmohsin Ismail Ahmed Rakhda
    • Sohail Habib
    • Ali Bihi
    • Abdullah Muhammad
    • Tai Ling Wang
    • Ji‑Dong Jia
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: February 3, 2014     https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2014.1847
  • Pages: 977-983
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )


Abstract

Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEHE) is a rare tumor of vascular origin. Whether HEHE in Chinese patients exhibits similar characteristics compared with Western patients is not well known. The aim of the present study was to summarize the characteristics of HEHE in Chinese patients and identify its prognostic factors. In total, six patients diagnosed with HEHE at the Beijing Friendship Hospital between 2000 and 2012 were combined with 44 previously reported cases in China, retrieved from the literature between 1989 and mid‑2012. These 50 cases from China were compared with 402 patients from Western populations. Prognostic factors were identified by the χ2 test and Cox regression analysis. The male to female ratio of the Chinese patients was 1:2.1 with the mean age of 44.2 years (range, 22‑86 years). The percentage of asymptomatic Chinese patients was significantly higher than in the Western patients (40.0 vs. 24.8%; P=0.026), and that of extrahepatic metastasis (16.0 vs. 36.6%; P=0.005) was significantly lower in Chinese patients. On imaging study, capsular retraction (59.5%) and calcification (26.0%), as well as positivity of CD34 (93.5%) and CD31 (80.6%), were more frequently found in the Chinese patients. Management for the Chinese patients included liver resection (LRx; 45.7%), liver transplantation (LTx; 5.7%), trans‑catheter arterial chemoembolization (14.3%) and palliative treatment (34.3%). Chinese patients with larger‑sized tumor nodules [relative risk (RR), 1.58; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.032‑2.422; P=0.035) and diffuse type (RR, 12.17; 95% CI, 1.595‑92.979; P=0.016) exhibited unfavorable outcomes. In contrast to Western patients with HEHE, a larger number of Chinese patients were asymptomatic with less extrahepatic metastasis. In China, LRx is widely adopted rather than LTx. Chinese patients with large tumor size or diffuse type may encounter a poorer prognosis.
View Figures
View References

Related Articles

Journal Cover

2014-April
Volume 7 Issue 4

Print ISSN: 1792-1074
Online ISSN:1792-1082

Sign up for eToc alerts

Recommend to Library

Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhao XY, Rakhda MI, Habib S, Bihi A, Muhammad A, Wang TL and Jia JD: Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: A comparison of Western and Chinese methods with respect to diagnosis, treatment and outcome. Oncol Lett 7: 977-983, 2014.
APA
Zhao, X.Y., Rakhda, M.I., Habib, S., Bihi, A., Muhammad, A., Wang, T.L., & Jia, J. (2014). Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: A comparison of Western and Chinese methods with respect to diagnosis, treatment and outcome. Oncology Letters, 7, 977-983. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2014.1847
MLA
Zhao, X. Y., Rakhda, M. I., Habib, S., Bihi, A., Muhammad, A., Wang, T. L., Jia, J."Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: A comparison of Western and Chinese methods with respect to diagnosis, treatment and outcome". Oncology Letters 7.4 (2014): 977-983.
Chicago
Zhao, X. Y., Rakhda, M. I., Habib, S., Bihi, A., Muhammad, A., Wang, T. L., Jia, J."Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: A comparison of Western and Chinese methods with respect to diagnosis, treatment and outcome". Oncology Letters 7, no. 4 (2014): 977-983. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2014.1847