Intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracardiac extension depicted on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans: A report of two cases and a review of the literature

Zeng,Hanjiang; Xu,Zhongzi; Zhang,Lizhi; Luo,Yi; Chen,Hui; Zhu,Hongji; Peng,Liqing; Yu,Jianqun

doi:10.3892/ol.2016.4499

Intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracardiac extension depicted on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans: A report of two cases and a review of the literature

Authors:
- Hanjiang Zeng
- Zhongzi Xu
- Lizhi Zhang
- Yi Luo
- Hui Chen
- Hongji Zhu
- Liqing Peng
- Jianqun Yu
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Affiliations: Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
Published online on: April 26, 2016 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.4499
Pages: 4255-4263

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Abstract

Intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) is defined as a benign smooth muscle tumor, growing within systemic veins. IVL with intracaval and intracardiac extension has rarely been reported in radiological and oncological journals. The present study describes 2 cases of IVL extending from the inferior vena cava to the right atrium and ventricle, and discusses the imaging findings and differential diagnosis of this tumor entity. The two patients, who complained of palpitations, shortness of breath or syncope, were surgically treated, with complete resection of the cardiac and intracaval tumors. Pathological examinations were suggestive of IVL. The postoperative course of the two patients was uneventful, and no signs of recurrence were observed on follow‑up. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging played a vital role in the diagnostic process and presurgical assessment. The results of the present study indicate that IVL should be considered upon presentation of a soft mass in systemic veins, even when the mass extends to the right cardiac chambers, in female patients, particularly in patients with a history of uterine myoma.

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