Toll-like receptors and cutaneous melanoma (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Ilaria Coati
    • Serena Miotto
    • Irene Zanetti
    • Mauro Alaibac
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: September 21, 2016     https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5166
  • Pages: 3655-3661
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Abstract

Innate immune cells recognize highly conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Previous studies have demonstrated that PRRs also recognize endogenous molecules, termed damage‑associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are derived from damaged cells. PRRs include Toll‑like receptors (TLRs), scavenger receptors, C-type lectin receptors and nucleotide oligomerization domain‑like receptors. To date, 10 TLRs have been identified in humans and each receptor responds to a different ligand. The recognition of PAMPS or DAMPs by TLRs leads to the activation of signaling pathways and cellular responses with subsequent pro‑inflammatory cytokine release, phagocytosis and antigen presentation. In the human skin, TLRs are expressed by keratinocytes and melanocytes: The main cells from which skin cancers arise. TLRs 1‑6 and 9 are expressed in keratinocytes, while TLRs 2‑5, 7, 9 and 10 have been identified in melanocytes. It is hypothesized that TLRs may present a target for melanoma therapies. In this review, the involvement of TLRs in the pathogenesis and treatment of melanoma was discussed.
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November-2016
Volume 12 Issue 5

Print ISSN: 1792-1074
Online ISSN:1792-1082

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Coati I, Miotto S, Zanetti I and Alaibac M: Toll-like receptors and cutaneous melanoma (Review). Oncol Lett 12: 3655-3661, 2016.
APA
Coati, I., Miotto, S., Zanetti, I., & Alaibac, M. (2016). Toll-like receptors and cutaneous melanoma (Review). Oncology Letters, 12, 3655-3661. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5166
MLA
Coati, I., Miotto, S., Zanetti, I., Alaibac, M."Toll-like receptors and cutaneous melanoma (Review)". Oncology Letters 12.5 (2016): 3655-3661.
Chicago
Coati, I., Miotto, S., Zanetti, I., Alaibac, M."Toll-like receptors and cutaneous melanoma (Review)". Oncology Letters 12, no. 5 (2016): 3655-3661. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5166