Open Access

Procyanidins from Vitis vinifera seeds induce apoptotic and autophagic cell death via generation of reactive oxygen species in squamous cell carcinoma cells

  • Authors:
    • Young‑Sool Hah
    • Jin Gu Kim
    • Hee Young Cho
    • Jin Sung Park
    • Eun Phil Heo
    • Tae‑Jin Yoon
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: June 19, 2017     https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.6422
  • Pages: 1925-1932
  • Copyright: © Hah et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Procyanidins can inhibit cell proliferation and tumorigenesis and induce apoptosis in human skin, breast and prostate carcinoma cell lines. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin is a common form of keratinocytic or non‑melanoma skin cancer and is a deadly disease with a poor prognosis due to the ineffectiveness of therapy. The present study aimed to determine whether grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP) may regulate different modes of cell death in the human SCC12 cell line. The present study found that the treatment of SCC12 cells with GSP inhibited proliferation in a dose‑dependent manner and reduced the motility and invasiveness of SCC12 cells through suppression of matrix metalloproteinase‑2/9 expression. GSP treatment also resulted in induction of apoptosis and autophagy via generation of reactive oxygen species. The inhibition of autophagy by 3‑methyladenine decreased GSP‑induced cell death, which suggested that GSP-induced autophagy can promote cell death. The results of the present study suggested that autophagy functions as a death mechanism in SCC and provided a rationale for the use of GSP in combination with autophagy activators for treating cancers such as SCC.
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August-2017
Volume 14 Issue 2

Print ISSN: 1792-1074
Online ISSN:1792-1082

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Spandidos Publications style
Hah YS, Kim JG, Cho HY, Park JS, Heo EP and Yoon TJ: Procyanidins from Vitis vinifera seeds induce apoptotic and autophagic cell death via generation of reactive oxygen species in squamous cell carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 14: 1925-1932, 2017
APA
Hah, Y., Kim, J.G., Cho, H.Y., Park, J.S., Heo, E.P., & Yoon, T. (2017). Procyanidins from Vitis vinifera seeds induce apoptotic and autophagic cell death via generation of reactive oxygen species in squamous cell carcinoma cells. Oncology Letters, 14, 1925-1932. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.6422
MLA
Hah, Y., Kim, J. G., Cho, H. Y., Park, J. S., Heo, E. P., Yoon, T."Procyanidins from Vitis vinifera seeds induce apoptotic and autophagic cell death via generation of reactive oxygen species in squamous cell carcinoma cells". Oncology Letters 14.2 (2017): 1925-1932.
Chicago
Hah, Y., Kim, J. G., Cho, H. Y., Park, J. S., Heo, E. P., Yoon, T."Procyanidins from Vitis vinifera seeds induce apoptotic and autophagic cell death via generation of reactive oxygen species in squamous cell carcinoma cells". Oncology Letters 14, no. 2 (2017): 1925-1932. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.6422