Open Access

Stromal regulation of prostate cancer cell growth by mevalonate pathway enzymes HMGCS1 and HMGCR

  • Authors:
    • Shingo Ashida
    • Chiaki Kawada
    • Keiji Inoue
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: September 22, 2017     https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.7025
  • Pages: 6533-6542
  • Copyright: © Ashida et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

It has been suggested that the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumor progression, acquisition of androgen independence, and distant metastasis in prostate cancer (PC). However, little is known about the transcriptional basis of cellular interactions in the human PC microenvironment. To clarify the mechanism of PC progression and metastasis, we investigated the interaction of PC, epithelial, and stromal cells using genome‑wide gene expression profiling. We hypothesized that PC cells could induce stromal cells to differentiate into so‑called cancer‑associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which might contribute to cancer invasion and metastasis. Genes upregulated in normal human prostate stromal cells (PrSC) co‑cultured with human PC cells (LNCaP) included the mevalonate pathway enzymes 3‑hydroxy‑3‑methylglutaryl‑CoA synthase 1 (HMGCS1) and 3‑hydroxy‑3‑methylglutaryl‑CoA reductase (HMGCR). Knockdown of endogenous HMGCS1 or HMGCR in PC cells by shRNA resulted in a significant reduction of PC cell viability. Importantly, exogenous overexpression of HMGCS1 or HMGCR in either PC cells or prostate stromal cells stimulated PC cell growth, suggesting a possible autocrine/paracrine mechanism of action. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that HMGCS1 and HMGCR were overexpressed in PC stroma, especially in early stage PC. These results provide clues to the molecular mechanisms underlying PC invasion and metastasis, and suggest that HMGCS1 and HMGCR in PC, as well as in PC stroma, might serve as molecular targets for the treatment of PC.
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December-2017
Volume 14 Issue 6

Print ISSN: 1792-1074
Online ISSN:1792-1082

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Spandidos Publications style
Ashida S, Kawada C and Inoue K: Stromal regulation of prostate cancer cell growth by mevalonate pathway enzymes HMGCS1 and HMGCR. Oncol Lett 14: 6533-6542, 2017
APA
Ashida, S., Kawada, C., & Inoue, K. (2017). Stromal regulation of prostate cancer cell growth by mevalonate pathway enzymes HMGCS1 and HMGCR. Oncology Letters, 14, 6533-6542. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.7025
MLA
Ashida, S., Kawada, C., Inoue, K."Stromal regulation of prostate cancer cell growth by mevalonate pathway enzymes HMGCS1 and HMGCR". Oncology Letters 14.6 (2017): 6533-6542.
Chicago
Ashida, S., Kawada, C., Inoue, K."Stromal regulation of prostate cancer cell growth by mevalonate pathway enzymes HMGCS1 and HMGCR". Oncology Letters 14, no. 6 (2017): 6533-6542. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.7025