Expression of cancer/testis antigens MAGE‑A, MAGE‑C1, GAGE and CTAG1B in benign and malignant thyroid diseases

Melo,Daniel  Hardy; Mamede,Rui  Celso Martins; Neder,Luciano; Silva,Wilson  Araújo; Barros‑Filho,Mateus   Camargo; Kowalski,Luiz  Paulo; Pinto,Clóvis  Antonio Lopes; Zago,Marco  Antônio; Figueiredo,David   Livingstone Alves; Jungbluth,Achim  A.

doi:10.3892/ol.2017.7072

Expression of cancer/testis antigens MAGE‑A, MAGE‑C1, GAGE and CTAG1B in benign and malignant thyroid diseases

Authors:
- Daniel Hardy Melo
- Rui Celso Martins Mamede
- Luciano Neder
- Wilson Araújo Silva
- Mateus Camargo Barros‑Filho
- Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Clóvis Antonio Lopes Pinto
- Marco Antônio Zago
- David Livingstone Alves Figueiredo
- Achim A. Jungbluth
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Affiliations: School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Sobral, CE 62042‑280, Brazil, Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Center for Cell Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049‑900, Brazil, Department of Clinical Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Center for Cell Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049‑900, Brazil, Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Center for Cell Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049‑900, Brazil, Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP 01509‑010, Brazil, Department of Anatomical Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP 01509‑010, Brazil, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049‑900, Brazil, Department of Pharmacy, Midwestern State University/UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, PR 85040-080, Brazil, Division of Pathology Diagnostic Services, Cytology, Memorial Sloan‑Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
Published online on: September 26, 2017 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.7072
Pages: 6485-6496
Copyright: © Melo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Despite considerable advances in the understanding of thyroid gland biology, correctly diagnosing thyroid nodules and treating high‑grade thyroid carcinoma remains challenging. Cancer/testis (CT) antigens have emerged as potential diagnostic tools as well as targets of potential cancer vaccinations. In the present study, a total of 117 patients who underwent surgical therapy for thyroid disease were available for analysis. The expression levels of melanoma‑associated antigen (MAGE) A, MAGE‑C1/CT7, cancer/testis antigen 1B (CTAG1B) and G antigen (GAGE) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. None of the CT antigens were expressed in the normal thyroid or goiter. In papillary and follicular carcinoma, MAGE‑A was present in 8.1% of cases, GAGE in 10.8% and CT/7MAGE‑C1 and CTAG1B in 2.7% each. In medullary carcinoma, CT antigen expression was as follows: MAGE‑A in 42.9% of patients; MAGE‑C1/CT7 in 46.5%; GAGE in 92.9%; and CTAG1B in 3.6%. A statistically significant association was observed between the expression of G MAGE‑C1/CT7 and patient gender as well as patient clinical stage (P=0.029 and 0.031, respectively). In poorly differentiated and anaplastic carcinoma cases, CT antigen expression was as follows: MAGE‑A in 61.8% of cases; MAGE‑C1 in 57.1%; GAGE in 66.7%; and CTAG1B in 14.4%. There was a statistically significant association between expression of GAGE and gender (P=0.043). However, there was no association between CT antigen expression and patient survival in any of the tumor entities analyzed. The current study identified a distinct expression pattern of CT antigens in malignant thyroid tumors indicating that CT antigens have the potential to outperform existing thyroid cancer biomarkers. The prevalence of CT antigens in high‑grade carcinomas suggests that they serve an important biological role within malignant tumors.

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