TNF-α promotes colon cancer cell migration and invasion by upregulating TROP-2

Zhao,Peng; Zhang,Zhongtao

doi:10.3892/ol.2018.7735

TNF-α promotes colon cancer cell migration and invasion by upregulating TROP-2

Authors:
- Peng Zhao
- Zhongtao Zhang
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Affiliations: Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
Published online on: January 5, 2018 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.7735
Pages: 3820-3827

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Abstract

High levels of tumor-associated calcium signal transduction protein (TROP)‑2 have been demonstrated to be strongly associated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α levels in colon cancer. In the present study, the effect of TNF‑α on the regulation of TROP‑2 expression and its effect in colon cancer cell migration and invasion were investigated in vitro. TROP‑2 protein levels were evaluated in HCT‑116 human colon cancer cells cultured with various concentrations of TNF‑α using western blot analysis. Changes in the migratory and invasive potential of the cells were evaluated using a wound healing and transwell assay, respectively. Then, TROP‑2 expression was downregulated in cells by use of siRNA, and TROP‑2 knockdown was confirmed at the mRNA and protein level by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. The migration and invasion potential of cells transfected with TROP‑2 siRNA was also evaluated. Levels of several mitogen‑activated protein kinase proteins, namely p38, c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK), were detected in cells treated with TNF‑α using western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that TROP‑2 protein levels increased in cells treated with lower concentrations of TNF‑α, but decreased in cells treated with higher concentrations of TNF‑α, compared with untreated control. Maximum TROP‑2 levels were observed in cells treated with 20 µg/l TNF‑α. Migration and invasion were enhanced in cells treated with 20 µg/l TNF‑α. When TROP‑2 was silenced in colon cancer cells by siRNA, migration and invasion were significantly decreased compared with control cells. TNF‑α stimulation activated the ERK1/2 pathway, but did not significantly affect p38 and JNK phosphorylation levels. Treatment with a specific ERK1/2 inhibitor suppressed the TNF‑α‑induced upregulation of TROP‑2 and the TNF‑α‑induced colon cancer cell migration and invasion. In conclusion, the present results demonstrated that low concentrations of TNF‑α significantly enhanced colon cancer cell migration and invasion by upregulating TROP‑2 via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

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