Physicochemical and pathohistological changes in experimental fibrosarcoma tumors of hamsters treated with metformin and itraconazole

Popović,Kosta  J.; Popović,Dušica J.; Miljković,Dejan; Lalošević,Dušan; Čapo,Ivan; Popović,Jovan  K.

doi:10.3892/ol.2019.10509

Physicochemical and pathohistological changes in experimental fibrosarcoma tumors of hamsters treated with metformin and itraconazole

Authors:
- Kosta J. Popović
- Dušica J. Popović
- Dejan Miljković
- Dušan Lalošević
- Ivan Čapo
- Jovan K. Popović
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Affiliations: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
Published online on: June 21, 2019 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10509
Pages: 1697-1712
Copyright: © Popović et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

The anticancer effects of metformin (an antihyperglycaemic agent) and itraconazole (an antifungal agent), which are established non‑oncologic drugs, were investigated in the present study. The weight, diameter, volume, density, surface, surface to volume ratio and immunohistochemistry of experimental fibrosarcoma tumors were investigated in hamsters treated with metformin and itraconazole. Briefly, the hamsters were injected with BHK‑21/C13 cells in order to induce fibrosarcoma, and the animals were treated daily with metformin, itraconazole or a combination of the two drugs. Subsequently, blood samples were obtained for biochemical analyses and the tumors were excised, weighed and measured. The tumor samples were pathohistologically and immunohistochemically assessed for proliferation marker protein Ki‑67, hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen CD34, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 (COX4), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and vital organs were toxicologically tested. Ki‑67‑positivity and cytoplasmic marker (CD34, COX4, GLUT1, iNOS) immunoexpression in the tumor samples were quantified. The results revealed that the combination of metformin and itraconazole significantly altered the physicochemical and pathohistological characteristics of the hamster fibrosarcoma tumors, including absolute and relative weight, volume, density, length, surface area, surface to volume ratio, Ki‑67‑positivity and the immunoexpression of cytoplasmic markers, without indications of toxicity. Furthermore, metformin with itraconazole demonstrated antiproliferative functions in cervical carcinoma HeLa, colon carcinoma HT‑29, lung carcinoma A549 and fibrosarcoma BHK‑21/C13 cells, with markedly lower cytotoxicity in the normal fetal lung MRC‑5 cells. In conclusion, the administration of metformin in combination with itraconazole may inhibit the growth of fibrosarcoma tumors in vivo and the proliferation of various malignant cell lines in vitro, suggesting that this may be an effective and safe approach as a nontoxic anticancer adjuvant and relapse prevention therapy.

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