Cervical cancer stem cells and other leading factors associated with cervical cancer development (Review)
- Authors:
- Gretel Mendoza‑Almanza
- Elizabeth Ortíz‑Sánchez
- Leticia Rocha‑Zavaleta
- César Rivas‑Santiago
- Edgar Esparza‑Ibarra
- Jorge Olmos
-
Affiliations: National Council for Science and Technology, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98060, Mexico, Basic Research Division, National Cancer Institute, Mexico City 14080, Mexico, Institute of Biomedical Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico, Academic Unit of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98060, Mexico, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education, Ensenada 22860, Mexico - Published online on: August 6, 2019 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10718
- Pages: 3423-3432
-
Copyright: © Mendoza‑Almanza et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
This article is mentioned in:
Abstract
Barondess JA: Scanning the chronic disease terrain: Prospects and opportunities. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 125:45–56. 2014.PubMed/NCBI | |
Hanahan D and Weinberg RA: The hallmarks of cancer. Cell. 100:57–70. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Sanchez-Vega F, Mina M, Armenia J, Chatila WK, Luna A, La KC, Dimitriadoy S, Liu DL, Kantheti HS, Saghafinia S, et al: Oncogenic signaling pathways in the cancer genome atlas. Cell. 173:321–337.e10. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Sahasrabuddhe V, Luhn P and Wentzensen N: Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer: Biomarkers for improved prevention efforts. Future Microbiol. 6:1083–1098. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Latino-Martel P, Cottet V, Druesne-Pecollo N, Pierre FH, Touillaud M, Touvier M, Vasson MP, Deschasaux M, Le Merdy J, Barrandon E and Ancellin R: Alcoholic beverages, obesity, physical activity and other nutritional factors, and cancer risk: A review of the evidence. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 99:308–323. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA and Jemal A: Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 68:394–424. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
International agency for Research on Cancer. Global Cancer Observatory. http://gco.iarc.fr | |
Scheurer ME, Tortolero-Luna G and Adler-Storthz K: Human papillomavirus infection: Biology, epidemiology, and prevention. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 15:727–746. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar | |
Kyrgiou M, Mitra A and Moscicki AB: Does the vaginal microbiota play a role in the development of cervical cancer? Transl Res. 179:168–182. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Secretariat of Health, Mexico, . Statistics of breast cancer and uterine cervical cancer. https://www.gob.mx/salud/acciones-y-programas/informacion-estadistica2015 | |
Domínguez-Catzín V, Reveles-Espinoza AM, Sánchez-Ramos J, Cruz-Cadena R, Lemus-Hernández D and Garrido E: HPV16-E2 protein modifies self-renewal and differentiation rate in progenitor cells of human immortalized keratinocytes. Virol J. 14:652017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Chhabra R: Cervical cancer stem cells: Opportunities and challenges. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 141:1889–1897. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Yao T, Lu R, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao C, Lin R and Lin Z: Cervical cancer stem cells. Cell Prol. 48:611–625. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar | |
Ncube B, Bey A, Knight J, Bessler P and Jolly PE: Factors associated with the uptake of cervical cancer screening among women in portland, Jamaica. N Am J Med Sci. 7:104–113. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Jungbauer F, Aderhold C, Birk R, Hoermann K, Kramer B, Kuhlin B, Thorn C, Umbreit C and Lammert A: Communicate or Die-A Model for HPV+ and HPV- CSCs and their interactions with SDF-1α. Anticancer Res. 37:4827–4836. 2017.PubMed/NCBI | |
American Cancer Society: What are the risk factors for cervical cancer? http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/moreinformation/cervicalcancerpreventionandearlydetection2014 | |
Alfaro KM, Gage JC, Rosenbaum AJ, Ditzian LR, Maza M, Scarinci IC, Miranda E, Villalta S, Felix JC, Castle PE and Cremer ML: Factors affecting attendance to cervical cancer screening among women in the Paracentral Region of El Salvador: A nested study within the CAPE HPV screening program. BMC Public Health. 15:10582015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ngugi CW, Boga H, Muigai AW, Wanzala P and Mbithi JN: Factors affecting uptake of cervical cancer early detection measures among women in Thika, Kenya. Health Care Women Int. 33:595–613. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Audirac-Chalifour A, Torres-Poveda K, Bahena-Román M, Téllez-Sosa J, Martínez-Barnetche J, Cortina-Ceballos B, López-Estrada G, Delgado-Romero K, Burguete-García AI, Cantú D, et al: Cervical microbiome and cytokine profile at various stages of cervical cancer: A pilot study. PLoS One. 11:e01532742016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Mitra A, Maclntyre DA, Lee YS, Smith A, Marchesi JR, Lehne B, Bhatia R, Lyons D, Paraskevaidis E, Li JV, et al: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia disease progression is associated with increased vaginal microbiome diversity. Sci Rep. 5:168652015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Mitra A, Maclntyre DA, Marchesi JR, Lee YS, Benett PR and Kyrgiou M: The vaginal microbiota, human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: What do we know and where are we going next? Microbiome. 4:582016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Yang X, Da M, Zhang W, Qi Q, Zhang C and Han S: Role of Lactobacillus in cervical cancer. Cancer Manag Res. 10:1219–1229. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Huang R and Rofstad E: Cancer stem cells (CSCs), cervical CSCs and targeted therapies. Oncotarget. 8:35351–35367. 2017.PubMed/NCBI | |
Rao QX, Yao TT, Zhang BZ, Lin RC, Chen ZL, Zhou H, Wang LJ, Lu HW, Chen Q, Di N and Lin Z: Expression and functional role of ALDH1 in cervical carcinoma cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 13:1325–1331. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
López J, Ruíz G, Organista-Nava J, Gariglio P and García-Carrancá A: Human papillomavirus infections and cancer stem cells of tumors from the uterine cervix. Open Virol J. 6:232–240. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Lin J, Liu X and Ding D: Evidence for epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer stem-like cells derived from carcinoma cell lines of the cervix uteri. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 8:847–855. 2015.PubMed/NCBI | |
Yang MH, Imrali A and Heeschen C: Circulating cancer stem cells: The importance to select. Chin J Cancer Res. 27:437–449. 2015.PubMed/NCBI | |
Batlle E and Clevers H: Cancer stem cells revisited. Nat Med. 23:1124–1134. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Wang JW and Roden RB: L2, the minor capsid protein of papillomavirus. Virology. 445:175–186. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Kuo SR, Liu JS, Broker TR and Chow LT: Cell-free replication of the human papillomavirus DNA with homologous viral E1 and E2 proteins and human cell extracts. J Biol Chem. 269:24058–24065. 1994.PubMed/NCBI | |
Sanders CM, Kovalevskiy OV, Sizov D, Lebedev AA, Isupov MN and Anston AA: Papillomavirus E1 helicase assembly maintains an asymmetric state in the absence of DNA and nucleotide cofactors. Nucleic Acids Res. 35:6451–6457. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Egawa N, Nakahara T, Ohno S, Narisawa-Saito M, Yugawa T, Fujita M, Yamato K, Natori Y and Kiyono T: The E1 protein of human papillomavirus type 16 is dispensable for maintenance replication of the viral genome. J Virol. 86:3276–3283. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Bergvall M, Melendy T and Archambault J: The E1 proteins. Virology. 445:35–56. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Chin MT, Hirochika R, Hirochika H, Broker TR and Chow LT: Regulation of human papillomavirus type 11 enhancer and E6 promoter by activating and repressing proteins from the E2 open reading frame: Functional and biochemical studies. J Virol. 62:2994–3002. 1988.PubMed/NCBI | |
Hou SY, Wu SY, Zhou T, Thomas MC and Chiang CM: Alleviation of human papillomavirus E2-mediated transcriptional repression via formation of a TATA binding protein (or TFIID)-TFIIB-RNA polymerase II-TFIIF preinitiation complex. Mol Cell Biol. 20:113–125. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
McBride AA: The Papillomavirus E2 proteins. Virology. 445:57–79. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Davy C and Doorbar J: G2/M cell cycle arrest in the life cycle of viruses. Virology. 368:219–226. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Borgogna C, Zavattaro E, de Andrea M, Griffin HM, Dell'Oste V, Azzimonti B, Landini MM, Peh WL, Pfister H, Doorbar J, et al: Characterization of beta papillomavirus E4 expression in tumours from Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis patients and in experimental models. Virology. 423:195–204. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Griffin H, Wu Z, Marnane R, Dewar V, Molijin A, Quint W, Van Hoof C, Struyf F, Colau B, Jenkins D and Doorbar J: E4 antibodies facilitate detection and type-assignment of active HPV infection in cervical disease. PLoS One. 7:e499742012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Doorbar J: The E4 protein; structure, function and patterns of expression. Virology. 445:80–98. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Zhang Y, Lehman JM and Petti LM: Apoptosis of mortal human fibroblasts transformed by the bovine papillomavirus E5 oncoprotein. Mol Cancer Res. 1:122–136. 2002.PubMed/NCBI | |
Venuti A, Paolini F, Nasir L, Corteggio A, Roperto S, Campo MS and Borzacchiello G: Papillomavirus E5: The smallest oncoprotein with many functions. Mol Cancer. 10:1402011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Di Maio D and Petti LM: The E5 proteins. Virology. 445:99–114. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Butz K, Ristriani T, Hengstermann A, Denk C, Scheffner M and Hoppe-Seyler F: siRNA targeting of the viral E6 oncogene efficiently kills human papillomavirus-positive cancer cells. Oncogene. 22:5938–5945. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ansari T, Brimer N and Vande Pol SB: Peptide interactions stabilize and restructure human papillomavirus type 16 E6 to interact with p53. J Virol. 86:11386–11391. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Zanier K, ould M'hamed ould Sidi A, Boulade-Ladame C, Rybin V, Chapelle A, Atkinson A, Kieffer B and Travé G: Solution structure analysis of the HPV16 E6 oncoprotein reveals a self-association mechanism required for E6-mediated degradation of p53. Structure. 20:604–617. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Vande Pol SB and Klingelhutz AJ: Papillomavirus E6 oncoproteins. Virology. 445:115–137. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
McLaughlin-Drubin ME, Bromberg-White JL and Meyers C: The role of the human papillomavirus type 18 E7 oncoprotein during the complete viral life cycle. Virology. 338:61–68. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
McLaughlin-Drubin ME, Huh KW and Münger K: Human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein associates with E2F6. J Virol. 82:8695–8705. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
McLaughlin-Drubin ME and Münger K: The human papillomavirus E7 oncoprotein. Virology. 384:335–344. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
McLaughlin-Drubin ME, Crum CP and Münger K: Human papillomavirus E7 oncoprotein induces KDM6A and KDM6B histone demethylase expression and causes epigenetic reprogramming. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 108:2130–2135. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
McLaughlin-Drubin ME, Meyers J and Munger K: Cancer associated human papillomaviruses. Curr Opin Virol. 2:459–466. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Schäfer F, Florin L and Sapp M: DNA binding of L1 is required for human papillomavirus morphogenesis in vivo. Virology. 295:172–181. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Doorbar J: The papillomavirus life cycle. J Clin Virol. 32 (Suppl 1):S7–S15. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Day PM, Lowy DR and Schiller JT: Heparan sulfate-independent cell binding and infection with furin-precleaved papillomavirus capsids. J Virol. 82:12565–12568. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Buck CB, Day PM and Trus BL: The papillomavirus major capsid protein L1. Virology. 445:169–174. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Kirnbauer R, Chandrachud LM, O'Neil BW, Wagner ER, Grindlay GJ, Armstrong A, McGarvie GM, Schiller JT, Lowy DR and Campo MS: Virus-like particles of bovine papillomavirus type 4 in prophylactic and therapeutic immunization. Virology. 219:37–44. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Rubio I, Seitz H, Canali E, Sehr P, Bolchi A, Tommasino M, Ottonello S and Müller M: The N-terminal region of the human papillomavirus L2 protein contains overlapping binding sites for neutralizing, cross-neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies. Virology. 409:348–359. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar | |
Doorbar J, Quint W, Banks L, Bravo IG, Stoler M, Broker TR and Stanley MA: The biology and life-cycle of human papillomaviruses. Vaccine. 30 (Suppl 5):F55–F70. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Kutschera U: Founding fathers: The cell was defined 150 years ago. Nature. 480:4572011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Nava MM, Raimondi MT and Pietrabissa R: Controlling self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells via mechanical cues. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012. 7974102012. | |
Ge Y and Fuchs E: Stretching the limits: from homeostasis to stem cell plasticity in wound healing and cancer. Nat Rev Genet. 19:311–325. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Maruyama T: Stem/progenitor cells and the regeneration potentials in the human uterus. Reprod Med Biol. 9:9–16. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Zapata AG, Alfaro D and García-Ceca J: Biology of stem cells: The role of microenvironments. Adv Exp Med Biol. 741:135–151. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Yang B, Lu Y, Zhang A, Zhou A, Zhang L, Zhang L, Gao L, Zang Y, Tang X and Sun L: Doxycycline induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation and invasion of human cervical carcinoma stem cells. PLoS One. 10:e01291382015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Aponte PM and Caicedo A: Stemness in cancer: Stem cells, cancer stem cells, and their microenvironment. Stem Cells Int 2017. 56194722017. | |
Clevers H: The cancer stem cell: Premises, promises and challenges. Nat Med. 17:313–319. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Kobayashi NC and Noronha SM: Cancer stem cells: A new approach to tumor development. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 61:86–93. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ortiz-Sánchez E, Santiago-López L, Cruz-Domínguez VB, Toledo-Guzmán ME, Hernández-Cueto D, Muñiz-Hernández S, Garrido E, Cantú De León D and García-Carra A: Characterization of cervical cancer stem celllike cells: Phenotyping, stemness, and human papillomavirus co-receptor expression. Oncotarget. 7:31943–31954. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Chiou SH, Yu CC, Huang CY, Lin SC, Liu CJ, Tsai TH, Chou SH, Chien CS, Ku HH and Lo JF: Positive correlations of Oct-4 and Nanog in oral cancer stem-like cells and high-grade oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 14:4085–4095. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Chen YC, Chen YW, Hsu HS, Tseng LM, Huang PI, Lu KH, Chen DT, Tai LK, Yung MC, Chang SC, et al: Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 is a putative marker for cancer stem cells in head and neck squamous cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 385:307–313. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Zhang Q, Shi S, Yen Y, Brown J, Ta JQ and Le AD: A subpopulation of CD133(+) cancer stem-like cells characterized in human oral squamous cell carcinoma confer resistance to chemotherapy. Cancer Lett. 289:151–160. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Murillo-Sauca O, Chung MK, Shin JH, Karamboulas C, Kwok S, Jung Y, Oakley R, Tysome JR, Farnebo LO, Kaplan MJ, et al: CD271 is a functional and targetable marker of tumor-initiating cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget. 5:6854–6866. 2014.PubMed/NCBI | |
López J, Poitevin A, Mendoza-Martínez V, Pérez-Plasencia C and García-Carrancá A: Cancer-initiating cells derived from established cervical cell lines exhibit stem-cell markers and increased radioresistance. BMC Cancer. 12:482012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Wu C and Alman BA: Side population cells in human cancers. Cancer Lett. 268:1–9. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Richard V, Nair MG, Santhosh Kumar TR and Pillai MR: Side population cells as prototype of chemoresistant, tumor-initiating cells. Biomed Res Int. 2013:517237. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar | |
Wang HY, Sun JM, Lu HF, Shi DR, Ou ZL, Ren YL and Fu SQ: Micrometastases detected by cytokeratin 19 expression in sentinel lymph nodes of patients with early-stage cervical cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 16:643–648. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ikeda K, Tate G, Suzuki T and Mitsuya T: Coordinate expression of cytokeratin 8 and cytokeratin 17 immunohistochemical staining in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical squamous cell carcinoma: An immunohistochemical analysis and review of the literature. Gynecol Oncol. 108:598–602. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Wang Y, Wang M, Zeng Q, Lv Y and Bao B: Isolation and biological characteristics of human cervical cancer side population cells. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 10:869–876. 2017. | |
Takaishi S, Okumura T, Tu S, Wang S, Shibata W, Vingneshwaran R, Gordon SA, Shimada Y and Wang TC: Identification of gastric cancer stem cells using the cell surface marker CD44. Stem Cells. 27:1006–1020. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Su YJ, Lai HM, Chang YW, Chen GY and Lee JL: Direct reprogramming of stem cell properties in colon cancer cells by CD44. EMBO J. 30:3186–3199. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Hiraga T, Ito S and Nakamura H: Cancer stem-like cell marker CD44 promotes bone metastases by enhancing tumorigenicity, cell motility, and hyaluronan production. Cancer Res. 73:4112–4122. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Tyagi A, Vishnoi K, Mahata S, Verma G, Srivastava Y, Masaldan S, Roy BG, Bharti AC and Das BC: Cervical cancer stem cells selectively overexpress HPV oncoprotein E6 that controls stemness and self-renewal through upregulation of HES1. Clin Cancer Res. 22:4170–4184. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Hou T, Zhang W, Tong C, Kazobinka G, Huang X, Huang Y and Zhang Y: Putative stem cell markers in cervical squamous cell carcinoma are correlated with poor clinical outcome. BMC Cancer. 15:7852015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ye F, Zhou C, Cheng Q, Shen J and Chen H: Stem-cell-abundant proteins nanog, nucleostemin and musashi1 are highly expressed in malignant cervical epithelial cells. BMC Cancer. 8:1082008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
The 1988 Bethesda System for reporting cervical/vaginal cytological diagnoses. National Cancer Institute Workshop. JAMA. 262:931–934. 1989. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Li J and Zhou BP: Activation of β-catenin and Akt pathways by Twist are critical for the maintenance of EMT associated cancer stem cell-like characters. BMC Cancer. 11:492011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Sato A, Ishiwata T, Matsuda Y, Yamammoto T, Asakura H, Takeshita T and Naito Z: Expression and role of nestin in human cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. Int J Oncol. 41:441–448. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Liu SY and Zheng PS: High aldehyde dehydrogenase activity identifies cancer stem cells in human cervical cancer. Oncotarget. 4:2462–2475. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Liu XF, Yang WT, Xu R, Liu JT and Zheng PS: Cervical cancer cells with positive Sox2 expression exhibit the properties of cancer stem cells. PLoS One. 9:e870922014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Mei W, Lin X, Kapoor A, GU Y, Zhao K and Tang D: the contributions of prostate cancer stem cells in prostate cancer initiation and metastasis. Cancers (Basel). 11(pii): E4342019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Lizarraga F, Espinosa M, Ceballos-Cancino G, Vazquez-Santillan K, Bahena-Ocampo I, Schwarz-Cruz Y Celis A, Vega-Gordillo M, Garcia Lopez P, Maldonado V and Melendez-Zajgla J: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-4 (TIMP-4) regulates stemness in cervical cancer cells. Mol Carcinog. 55:1952–1961. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Feng D, Yan K, Zhou Y, Liang H, Liang J, Zhao W, Dong Z and Ling B: Piwil2 is reactivated by HPV oncoproteins and initiates cell reprogramming via epigenetic regulation during cervical cancer tumorigenesis. Oncotarget. 7:64575–64588. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Cao HZ, Liu XF, Yang WT, Chen Q and Zheng PS: LGR5 promotes cancer stem cell traits and chemoresistance in cervical cancer. Cell Death Dis. 8:e30392017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Jiang J and Hui CC: Hedgehog signaling in development and cancer. Dev Cell. 15:801–812. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Batsaikhan BE, Yoshikawa K, Kurita N, Iwata T, Takasu C, Kashihara H and Shimada M: Cyclopamine decreased the expression of Sonic Hedgehog and its downstream genes in colon cancer stem cells. Anticancer Res. 34:6339–6344. 2014.PubMed/NCBI | |
Cochrane CR, Szczepny A, Watkins DN and Cain JE: Hedgehog signaling in the maintenance of cancer stem cells. Cancers (Basel). 7:1554–1585. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Rofstad EK, Sundfør K, Lyng H and Tropé CG: Hypoxia-induced treatment failure in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix is primarily due to hypoxia-induced radiation resistance rather than hypoxia-induced metastasis. Br J Cancer. 83:354–359. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Hitoshi S, Alexson T, Tropepe V, Donoviel D, Elia AJ, Nye JS, Conlon RA, Mak TW, Bernstein A and van der Kooy D: Notch pathway molecules are essential for the maintenance, but not the generation, of mammalian neural stem cells. Genes Dev. 16:846–858. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Gordon WR, Vardar-Ulu D, Histen G, Sanchez-Irizarry C, Aster JC and Blacklow SC: Structural basis for autoinhibition of Notch. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 14:295–300. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Takebe N, Miele L, Harris PJ, Jeong W, Bando H, Kahn M, Yang SX and Ivy SP: Targeting Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt pathways in cancer stem cells: Clinical update. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 12:445–464. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Venkatesh V, Nataraj R, Thangaraj G, Karthikeyan M, Gnanasekaran A, Kaginelli SB, Kuppanna G, Kapalla CG and Basalingappa KS: Targeting Notch signalling pathway of cancer stem cells. Stem Cell Invest. 5:52018. View Article : Google Scholar | |
Zhu AJ and Watt FM: Beta-catenin signalling modulates proliferative potential of human epidermal keratinocytes independently of intercellular adhesion. Development. 126:2285–2298. 1999.PubMed/NCBI | |
Andrade AC, Nilsson O, Barnes KM and Baron J: Wnt gene expression in the post-natal growth plate: Regulation with chondrocyte differentiation. Bone. 40:1361–1369. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Blanpain C, Horsley V and Fuchs E: Epithelial stem cells: Turning over new leaves. Cell. 128:445–458. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
van der Flier LG and Clevers H: Stem cells, self-renewal, and differentiation in the intestinal epithelium. Annu Rev Physiol. 71:241–260. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ji J, Wei X and Wang Y: Embryonic stem cell markers Sox-2 and OCT4 expression and their correlation with WNT signal pathway in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 7:2470–2476. 2014.PubMed/NCBI | |
Barker N, Ridgway RA, van Es JH, van de Wetering M, Begthel H, van de Born M, Danenberg E, Clarke AR, Sanson OJ and Clevers H: Crypt stem cells as the cells-of-origin of intestinal cancer. Nature. 457:608–611. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Gonzalez-Torres C, Gaytan-Cervantes J, Vazquez-Santillan K, Mandujano-Tinoco EA, Ceballos-Cancino G, Garcia-Venzor A, Zampedri C, Sanchez-Maldonado P, Mojica-Espinosa R, Jimenez-Hernandez LE and Maldonado V: NF-κB participates in the stem cell phenotype of ovarian cancer cells. Arch Med Res. 48:343–351. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Affara NI and Coussens LM: IKKalpha at the crossroads of inflammation and metastasis. Cell. 129:25–26. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Lüningschrör P, Kaltschmidt B and Kaltschmidt C: Knockdown of IKK1/2 promotes differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into neuroectoderm at the expense of mesoderm. Stem Cell Rev Rep. 8:1098–1108. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar | |
Porta C, Paglino C and Mosca A: Targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in cancer. Front Oncol. 4:642014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Shayesteh L, Lu Y, Kuo WL, Baldocchi R, Godfrey T, Collins C, Pinkel D, Powell B, Mills GB and Gray JW: PIK3CA is implicated as an oncogene in ovarian cancer. Nat Genet. 21:99–102. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ma YY, Wei SJ, Lin YC, Lung JC, Chang TC, Whang-Peng J, Liu JM, Yang DM, Yang WK and Shen CY: PIK3CA as an oncogene in cervical cancer. Oncogene. 19:2739–2744. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Xia P and Xu X: PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in cancer stem cells: From basic research to clinical application. Am J Cancer Res. 5:1602–1609. 2015.PubMed/NCBI |