Open Access

Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with inferior vena cava/right atrium tumor thrombus (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Yinchuan Xia
    • Junqi Zhang
    • Xiaoling Ni
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: August 7, 2020     https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11962
  • Article Number: 101
  • Copyright: © Xia et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Although tumor thrombus (TT) infringement of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and right atrium (RA) is rarely observed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the prognosis for this condition is extremely poor, with a median survival time of several months, given that the condition is often diagnosed at an advanced tumor stage or combined with multiple systemic metastases. Furthermore, there is no established effective treatment for the condition. However, some investigators insist that active treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy (systemic or intra‑arterial), radiation therapy, best supportive care or a combination of these, may help prolong overall survival time in these patients. The management of patients with advanced HCC and a TT extending into the RA and IVC is extremely difficult and risky. To this end, the present review assessed the literature on the clinical features and treatments of this condition in recent years, with the aim of providing assistance for clinical work.
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October-2020
Volume 20 Issue 4

Print ISSN: 1792-1074
Online ISSN:1792-1082

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Xia Y, Zhang J and Ni X: Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with inferior vena cava/right atrium tumor thrombus (Review). Oncol Lett 20: 101, 2020.
APA
Xia, Y., Zhang, J., & Ni, X. (2020). Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with inferior vena cava/right atrium tumor thrombus (Review). Oncology Letters, 20, 101. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11962
MLA
Xia, Y., Zhang, J., Ni, X."Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with inferior vena cava/right atrium tumor thrombus (Review)". Oncology Letters 20.4 (2020): 101.
Chicago
Xia, Y., Zhang, J., Ni, X."Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with inferior vena cava/right atrium tumor thrombus (Review)". Oncology Letters 20, no. 4 (2020): 101. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11962