PD‑L1 expression and immune cells in anaplastic carcinoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma of the human thyroid gland: A retrospective study

Cameselle‑García,Soledad; Abdulkader‑Sande,Sámer; Sánchez‑Ares,María; Rodríguez‑Carnero,Gemma; Garcia‑Gómez,Jesús; Gude‑Sampedro,Francisco; Abdulkader‑Nallib,Ihab; Cameselle‑Teijeiro,José Manuel

doi:10.3892/ol.2021.12814

PD‑L1 expression and immune cells in anaplastic carcinoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma of the human thyroid gland: A retrospective study

Authors:
- Soledad Cameselle‑García
- Sámer Abdulkader‑Sande
- María Sánchez‑Ares
- Gemma Rodríguez‑Carnero
- Jesús Garcia‑Gómez
- Francisco Gude‑Sampedro
- Ihab Abdulkader‑Nallib
- José Manuel Cameselle‑Teijeiro
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Affiliations: Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Complex of Ourense, Galician Healthcare Service, 32005 Ourense, Spain, Department of Pathology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Galician Healthcare Service, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Galician Healthcare Service, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Department of Epidemiology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Galician Healthcare Service, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Published online on: May 24, 2021 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2021.12814
Article Number: 553
Copyright: © Cameselle‑García et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) have limited treatment options, and immune profiling may help select patients for immunotherapy. The prevalence and relevance of programmed death‑1 ligand (PD‑L1) expression and the presence of immune cells in ATC and PDTC has not yet been well established. The present study investigated PD‑L1 expression (clone 22C3) and cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), including tumor‑infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor‑associated macrophages (TAMs) and dendritic cells, in whole tissue sections of 15 cases of ATC and 13 cases of PDTC. Immunohistochemical PD‑L1 expression using a tumor proportion score (TPS) with a 1% cut‑off was detected in 9/15 (60%) of ATC cases and 1/13 (7.7%) of PDTC cases (P=0.006). PD‑L1 expression in TILs was limited to the ATC group (73.3 vs. 0% in ATC and PDTC, respectively). In the ATC group, the TPS for tumor positive PD‑L1 expression revealed a non‑significant trend towards worse survival, but no difference was observed when investigating PD‑L1 expression in TILs and TAMs. In addition to increased PD‑L1 expression, all ATC cases exhibited significantly increased CD3+ and CD8+ T cells, CD68⁺ and CD163⁺ macrophages, and S100⁺ dendritic cells compared with the PDTC cases. Loss of mutL homolog 1 and PMS1 homolog 2 expression was observed in one ATC case with the highest PD‑L1 expression, as well as in the only PDTC case positive for PD‑L1. Notably, the latter was the only PDTC case exhibiting positivity for p53 and a cellular microenvironment similar to ATC. The current results indicated that PD‑L1 expression was frequent in ATC, but rare in PDTC. In addition to PD‑L1, the present study suggested that microsatellite instability may serve a role in both the TME and the identification of immunotherapy candidates among patients with PDTC.

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