Open Access

Expression and estrogen regulation of G protein‑coupled estrogen receptor in human glioblastoma cells

  • Authors:
    • Karla Mariana Peña‑Gutiérrez
    • Karina Hernández‑Ortega
    • Claudia Bello‑Alvarez
    • Ignacio Camacho‑Arroyo
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  • Published online on: September 21, 2022     https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2022.13517
  • Article Number: 397
  • Copyright: © Peña‑Gutiérrez et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Glioblastoma (GB) is the most frequent primary brain tumor with a very poor prognosis. Sex hormones are crucial players in the development of GBs. 17 β‑estradiol (E2) signaling is involved through its corresponding intracellular receptors [estrogen receptor α (ERα) and β (ERβ)] in GB cell proliferation and progression. E2 activates G‑protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), leading to rapidly occurring effects, independently of gene transcription. GPER activation is involved in tumor progression in various cancer types. Currently, available data concerning the occurrence and role of GPER in GB are very limited. In the present study, it was observed that GPER was expressed in human brain tumor cell lines [U251 (astrocytoma‑derived cell line), U87, LN229 and T98 (glioblastoma‑derived cell line)]. Immunofluorescence assays revealed that GPER localizes in the plasma membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus. An in silico analysis identified two potential E2 response elements in the promoter region of the GPER gene. E2 increased GPER expression in the U251, U87 and LN229 cell lines. Molecular modeling data derived from in silico analysis predicted the three‑dimensional conformation of GPER, and docking analysis identified potential binding sites of E2 and its specific agonist, G1. Taken together, these results indicate that GPER may be differentially expressed in human GB cell lines with E2 possibly upregulating GPER expression. The present study raises further questions about the implications of GPER-mediated E2 signaling in the biology of GBs.
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November-2022
Volume 24 Issue 5

Print ISSN: 1792-1074
Online ISSN:1792-1082

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Spandidos Publications style
Peña‑Gutiérrez K, Hernández‑Ortega K, Bello‑Alvarez C and Camacho‑Arroyo I: Expression and estrogen regulation of G protein‑coupled estrogen receptor in human glioblastoma cells. Oncol Lett 24: 397, 2022.
APA
Peña‑Gutiérrez, K., Hernández‑Ortega, K., Bello‑Alvarez, C., & Camacho‑Arroyo, I. (2022). Expression and estrogen regulation of G protein‑coupled estrogen receptor in human glioblastoma cells. Oncology Letters, 24, 397. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2022.13517
MLA
Peña‑Gutiérrez, K., Hernández‑Ortega, K., Bello‑Alvarez, C., Camacho‑Arroyo, I."Expression and estrogen regulation of G protein‑coupled estrogen receptor in human glioblastoma cells". Oncology Letters 24.5 (2022): 397.
Chicago
Peña‑Gutiérrez, K., Hernández‑Ortega, K., Bello‑Alvarez, C., Camacho‑Arroyo, I."Expression and estrogen regulation of G protein‑coupled estrogen receptor in human glioblastoma cells". Oncology Letters 24, no. 5 (2022): 397. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2022.13517