Plasma cell myeloma with an evolving diagnostic complexity: A case report

Wu,Siting; Zhao,Ning; Liang,Yunxing; Sun,Tingting; Cui,Fang; Lin,Jiacai

doi:10.3892/ol.2025.15018

Plasma cell myeloma with an evolving diagnostic complexity: A case report

Authors:
- Siting Wu
- Ning Zhao
- Yunxing Liang
- Tingting Sun
- Fang Cui
- Jiacai Lin
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Affiliations: Department of Neurology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572013, P.R. China, Department of Hospitalization and Medical Record Management, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572013, P.R. China, Department of Orthopedics, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572013, P.R. China
Published online on: April 7, 2025 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15018
Article Number: 272
Copyright: © Wu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Peripheral neuropathy is among the most prevalent neurological conditions; however, its etiology is frequently complex and varied, with a propensity for progression and recurrence. The present study describes a case of plasma cell myeloma featuring a protracted and complex diagnostic and therapeutic course, supported by extensive clinical, laboratory and imaging findings. The patient initially exhibited clinical features highly indicative of subacute combined degeneration and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, which gradually progressed to manifestations of polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrine dysfunction, monoclonal plasma cell proliferation and skin changes syndrome. Ultimately, a biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of plasma cell myeloma. The patient has been followed up for 3.5 years since the final diagnosis. Owing to early diagnosis and timely comprehensive treatment, the patient can now independently manage their daily activities, and has markedly improved limb strength, with only minor residual sensory deficits. This case underscores the difficulties in diagnosing and treating plasma cell myeloma, given that early symptoms are similar to those of other condition.

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