Expression pattern and methylation of estrogen receptor α in breast intraductal proliferative lesions

Mao,Xiaoyun; Qiao,Zhen; Fan,Chuifeng; Guo,Ayao; Yu,Xinmiao; Jin,Feng

doi:10.3892/or.2016.4988

Expression pattern and methylation of estrogen receptor α in breast intraductal proliferative lesions

Authors:
- Xiaoyun Mao
- Zhen Qiao
- Chuifeng Fan
- Ayao Guo
- Xinmiao Yu
- Feng Jin
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Affiliations: Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Research Unit of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
Published online on: August 1, 2016 https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4988
Pages: 1868-1874
Copyright: © Mao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Intraductal proliferative lesions of the breast including usual ductal hyperplasia (UDH), atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are associated with increased risk, albeit of greatly different magnitudes, for the subsequent development of invasive carcinoma. Estrogen receptor α (ERα) has been widely accepted as a prognostic marker and a predictor for endocrine therapy response of breast cancer. To investigate the ERα expression and methylation in breast intraductal proliferative lesions, we analyzed ERα expression in breast intraductal proliferative lesions including pure UDH (N=98), ADH without DCIS (N=160), DCIS without invasive breast cancer (N=149) by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the methylation status of ERα by methylation‑specific PCR (MSP) was defined in 217 cases of breast intraductal proliferative lesions. Immunohistochemistry showed that 98/98 (100%) of the UDH cases were positive for ERα expression. ERα protein expression in ADH (132/160) (92.5%) was higher than in DCIS (101/149) (67.8%). But the ERα expression pattern was different with histological diversity of breast intraductal proliferative lesions. The average percent cells staining positive for ERα was 35.33% in UDH, 87.75% in ADH and 71.45% in DCIS. ERα methylation in 32/60 (53.3%) UDH, 11/77 (10.2%) ADH and 32/80 (40.0%) DCIS. Our results demonstrated a strong negative correlation between the percent of cells staining positive for ERα and ERα methylation (r=‑0.831, p<0.001). Taken together, our results underlined that ERα expression or methylation may be involved in the breast carcinogenesis and advancement, thus it is not parallel to breast cancer risk in breast intraductal proliferative lesions. No obvious watershed between ERα‑positive and ‑negative breast carcinogenesis was established. Estrogen receptor (ER) methylation or expression is a reversible signal in breast carcinogenesis which affected biological behavior of cells.

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