Effect of xanthohumol on Th1/Th2 balance in a breast cancer mouse model

  • Authors:
    • Wenchao Zhang
    • Yanlong Pan
    • Panhong Gou
    • Cheng Zhou
    • Lianqing Ma
    • Qiming Liu
    • Yuping Du
    • Jinbo Yang
    • Qin Wang
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: November 13, 2017     https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2017.6094
  • Pages: 280-288
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Abstract

Xanthohumol (XN), a prenylflavonoid found in the hop plant, Humulus lupulus, exhibits a variety of biological activities. Numerous studies have reported that XN inhibits the growth of many types of cancer cells, but the effects of XN on tumor immunity have not yet been studied. We explored the effect of XN on Th1/Th2 balance and the underlying mechanism based on a BALB/c-4T1 breast cancer mouse model. The results showed that XN significantly slowed down tumor growth and inhibited expression of antitumor proliferation protein Ki-67 as well as breast cancer-specific marker cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3). Flow cytometric analysis revealed that XN enhanced the secretion of perforin, granzyme B and increased the ratio of CD8+/CD25+. ELISA analysis of cytokine results demonstrated that XN obviously upregulated Th1 cytokines, while downregulated Th2 cytokines. Th1/Th2 ratio analysis by flow cytometry illustrated that XN regulated the balance drift to Th1 polarization. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) results manifested that XN induced expression of T-bet, a Th1-specific transcription factor. Furthermore, we found that XN significantly promoted the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)4. Our results demonstrated that XN promoted Th1/Th2 balance towards Th1 polarization, and STAT4 may play a positive role in the regulation of Th1/Th2 cytokines by XN.
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January-2018
Volume 39 Issue 1

Print ISSN: 1021-335X
Online ISSN:1791-2431

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Spandidos Publications style
Zhang W, Pan Y, Gou P, Zhou C, Ma L, Liu Q, Du Y, Yang J and Wang Q: Effect of xanthohumol on Th1/Th2 balance in a breast cancer mouse model. Oncol Rep 39: 280-288, 2018.
APA
Zhang, W., Pan, Y., Gou, P., Zhou, C., Ma, L., Liu, Q. ... Wang, Q. (2018). Effect of xanthohumol on Th1/Th2 balance in a breast cancer mouse model. Oncology Reports, 39, 280-288. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2017.6094
MLA
Zhang, W., Pan, Y., Gou, P., Zhou, C., Ma, L., Liu, Q., Du, Y., Yang, J., Wang, Q."Effect of xanthohumol on Th1/Th2 balance in a breast cancer mouse model". Oncology Reports 39.1 (2018): 280-288.
Chicago
Zhang, W., Pan, Y., Gou, P., Zhou, C., Ma, L., Liu, Q., Du, Y., Yang, J., Wang, Q."Effect of xanthohumol on Th1/Th2 balance in a breast cancer mouse model". Oncology Reports 39, no. 1 (2018): 280-288. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2017.6094