Assessing stemness and proliferation properties of the newly established colon cancer ‘stem’ cell line, CSC480 and novel approaches to identify dormant cancer cells

Alowaidi,Faisal; Hashimi,Saeed Mujahid; Alqurashi,Naif; Alhulais,Reem; Ivanovski,Saso; Bellette,Bernadette; Meedenyia,Adrian; Lam,Alfred; Wood,Stephen

doi:10.3892/or.2018.6392

Assessing stemness and proliferation properties of the newly established colon cancer ‘stem’ cell line, CSC480 and novel approaches to identify dormant cancer cells

Authors:
- Faisal Alowaidi
- Saeed Mujahid Hashimi
- Naif Alqurashi
- Reem Alhulais
- Saso Ivanovski
- Bernadette Bellette
- Adrian Meedenyia
- Alfred Lam
- Stephen Wood
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Affiliations: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine and University Hospitals, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Department of Basic Science, Biology Unit, Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
Published online on: April 23, 2018 https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2018.6392
Pages: 2881-2891

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Abstract

To date two questions that remain unanswered regarding cancer are the following: i) how is it initiated, and ii) what is the role that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play in the disease process? Understanding the biology of CSCs and how they are generated is pivotal for the development of successful treatment regimens. To date, the lack of a representative cell model has prevented the successful identification and eradication of CSCs in vivo. The current methods of CSC identification are dependent on the protocol used to generate these cells, which has introduced variation and made the identification process more complicated. Furthermore, the list of possible markers is increasing in complexity. This is further confounded by the fact that there is insufficient information to determine whether the cells these markers detect are truly self‑renewing stem cells or, instead, progenitor cells. In the present study, we investigated a novel cell line model, CSC480, which can be employed to assess CSC markers and for testing novel therapeutic regimens. CSC480 cells have been revealed to express markers of CSCs such as CD44, ALDH1 and Sox2, that have lower expression in the SW480 cell line. CSC480 cells also expressed higher levels of the cancer resistance marker, ABCG2 and had higher proliferative and growth capacity than SW480 cells. In the present study, we also evaluated a novel approach to identify different cell types present in heterogeneous cancer cell populations according to their proliferative ability using the proliferation marker 5‑ethynyl‑2'‑deoxyuridine (EdU). Furthermore, using EdU, we identified dormant cells with a modified label‑retaining cell (LRC) protocol. Through this novel LRC method, we assessed newly discovered markers of stemness to ascertain their capability to identify quiescent from dividing CSCs. In conclusion, the CSC480 cell line was an important model to be used in unravelling the underlying mechanisms that control fast‑dividing and partially self‑renewing stem cells (SCs) that may give rise to cancer.

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