Open Access

Epithelial‑derived head and neck squamous tumourigenesis (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Charles Adolfu Shirima
    • Coralia Bleotu
    • Demetrios A. Spandidos
    • Adel K. El‑Naggar
    • Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru
    • Ioannis Michalopoulos
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: August 21, 2024     https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2024.8800
  • Article Number: 141
  • Copyright: © Shirima et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), a heterogeneous group of cancers that arise from the mucosal epithelia cells in the head and neck areas, present great challenges in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis due to their complex aetiology and various clinical manifestations. Several factors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, oncogenic genes, growth factors, Epstein‑Barr virus and human papillomavirus infections can contribute to HNSCC development. The unpredictable tumour microenvironment adds to the complexity of managing HNSCC. Despite significant advances in therapies, the prediction of outcome after treatment for patients with HNSCC remains poor, and the 5‑year overall survival rate is low due to late diagnosis. Early detection greatly increases the chances of successful treatment. The present review aimed to bring together the latest findings related to the molecular mechanisms of HNSCC carcinogenesis and progression. Comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic, metabolomic, microbiome and proteomic analyses allow researchers to identify important biological markers such as genetic alterations, gene expression signatures and protein markers that drive HNSCC tumours. These biomarkers associated with the stages of initiation, progression and metastasis of cancer are useful in the management of patients with cancer in order to improve their life expectancy and quality of life.
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October-2024
Volume 52 Issue 4

Print ISSN: 1021-335X
Online ISSN:1791-2431

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Spandidos Publications style
Shirima CA, Bleotu C, Spandidos DA, El‑Naggar AK, Gradisteanu Pircalabioru G and Michalopoulos I: Epithelial‑derived head and neck squamous tumourigenesis (Review). Oncol Rep 52: 141, 2024.
APA
Shirima, C.A., Bleotu, C., Spandidos, D.A., El‑Naggar, A.K., Gradisteanu Pircalabioru, G., & Michalopoulos, I. (2024). Epithelial‑derived head and neck squamous tumourigenesis (Review). Oncology Reports, 52, 141. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2024.8800
MLA
Shirima, C. A., Bleotu, C., Spandidos, D. A., El‑Naggar, A. K., Gradisteanu Pircalabioru, G., Michalopoulos, I."Epithelial‑derived head and neck squamous tumourigenesis (Review)". Oncology Reports 52.4 (2024): 141.
Chicago
Shirima, C. A., Bleotu, C., Spandidos, D. A., El‑Naggar, A. K., Gradisteanu Pircalabioru, G., Michalopoulos, I."Epithelial‑derived head and neck squamous tumourigenesis (Review)". Oncology Reports 52, no. 4 (2024): 141. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2024.8800