Epidemiological characterization of influenza in Northern Mexico

Alvarez‑Salas,Blanca E.; Galán‑Huerta,Kame A.; Padilla‑Rivas,Gerardo R.; Ramos‑Jiménez,Javier; Treviño‑Garza,Consuelo; Montes‑De‑Oca‑Luna,Roberto; De‑La‑O‑Cavazos,Manuel E.; Rivas‑Estilla,Ana M.

doi:10.3892/wasj.2021.134

November-December 2021 Volume 3 Issue 6

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November-December 2021 Volume 3 Issue 6

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Article Open Access

Epidemiological characterization of influenza in Northern Mexico

Authors:
- Blanca E. Alvarez‑Salas
- Kame A. Galán‑Huerta
- Gerardo R. Padilla‑Rivas
- Javier Ramos‑Jiménez
- Consuelo Treviño‑Garza
- Roberto Montes‑De‑Oca‑Luna
- Manuel E. De‑La‑O‑Cavazos
- Ana M. Rivas‑Estilla
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Affiliations: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Hospital Universitario ‘Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez’, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Hospital Universitario ‘Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez’, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico, Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Disease Service, School of Medicine and Hospital Universitario ‘Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez’, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico, State Public Health Laboratory, Secretariat of Health of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico

Copyright: © Alvarez‑Salas et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY_NC 4.0].
Article Number: 63
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Published online on: October 20, 2021

https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2021.134
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Abstract

Influenza viruses cause a potentially fatal, highly contagious respiratory disease. Influenza A virus subtypes H1N1 and H3N2, and both lineages of the influenza B virus have affected the Mexican population. The present study aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics of influenza infections in Northern Mexico during five flu seasons and determines the risk factors for hospitalization. For this purpose, 3,482 patients with confirmed influenza infection tested at the Public Health State Laboratory of Nuevo León using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR from October, 2009 to December, 2014 were evaluated. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics were determined, and data were collected and analyzed. Pandemic influenza A H1N1 subtype was responsible for 52% of the cases in the present study; the influenza A H3N2 subtype was responsible for 27% of cases and the influenza B virus for 12% of cases. In total, 75% of the patients (n=2,611) received ambulatory treatment and 25% (n=871) were hospitalized. The number of hospitalized patients varied across the different seasons analyzed. A greater number of comorbidities were observed in hospitalized patients than the ambulatory patients; 64% of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 60% of patients with chronic kidney disease, and 51% of patients with diabetes were hospitalized. Of the total number of vaccinated patients, only 18% were hospitalized, in contrast to 27% of unvaccinated patients. On the whole, the present study describes the influenza cases identified in the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Mexico. The median age and clinical characteristics of the patients varied according to the season with increasing age, and the presence of dyspnea, polypnea, cyanosis, malaise, COPD, diabetes, or no vaccination, were associated with an increased risk of hospitalization. This clinical characterization becomes relevant as coronavirus 2019 spreads worldwide, rendering its differential diagnosis necessary in respiratory diseases that usually lead to hospitalization, such as influenza.

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Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Oncology

Molecular Medicine Reports

Oncology Reports

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Oncology Letters

Biomedical Reports

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

World Academy of Sciences Journal

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Epigenetics

Medicine International

Epidemiological characterization of influenza in Northern Mexico

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