Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of klebicin crude extract on clinical isolates of <em>Salmonella</em> and <em>Enterobacter</em>

Alattar,Nagham Shakir; Tawfeeq,Heba Khaleel; Omran,Afrah Hatem

doi:10.3892/wasj.2024.222

Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of klebicin crude extract on clinical isolates of Salmonella and Enterobacter

Authors:
- Nagham Shakir Alattar
- Heba Khaleel Tawfeeq
- Afrah Hatem Omran
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Affiliations: Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq
Published online on: January 4, 2024 https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2024.222
Article Number: 7
Copyright : © Alattar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].

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Abstract

To date, studies on the effects of klebicin on biofilm development are limited. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of klebicin on biofilm formation, as it is an important factor in the pathogenicity of bacteria. Klebicins (bacteriocins), which are naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides synthesized by ribosomes, were produced by Klebsiella species. The action of klebicin is typically focused on bacteria, which are closely associated to the strains that produce it. This investigation intends to identify specific klebicin genes in isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumonia). Biochemical testing and the VITEK‑2 compact system were used to identify and confirm 32 K. pneumonia isolates. Susceptibility testing was performed for six antibiotics (gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, tetracycline, cefotaxime and chloramphenicol) against Salmonella and Enterobacter. The results revealed that the majority of both bacterial isolates were resistant to the antibiotics. DNA was extracted from 32 K. pneumonia isolates and the results revealed that the klebicin gene was detected in 31 (96.87%) of the isolates. Klebicin‑like substance was extracted, and the minimal inhibitory concentration of klebicin extract was assessed against Salmonella and Enterobacter isolates. The results revealed that this concentration ranged between 25‑50% for Salmonella and 50% for Enterobacter. The antibiofilm effect was assessed against the Salmonella and Enterobacter isolates, as well as against the dual biofilm formation of both bacteria. It was found that the reduction of biofilm in the dual bacterial isolates was greater than that of each type of bacteria alone. On the whole, the findings of the present study data suggest the possibility of using bacteriocin (klebicin) as an antibacterial and antibiofilm agent.

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