Comparative analysis of thyroid function parameters in pregnant women

Ren,Feng; Zhou,Huan; Chen,Min; Xiao,Xianqiu; Rui,Xiaoping

doi:10.3892/br.2017.992

Comparative analysis of thyroid function parameters in pregnant women

Authors:
- Feng Ren
- Huan Zhou
- Min Chen
- Xianqiu Xiao
- Xiaoping Rui
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, P.R. China, Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The 101st Chinese People's Liberation Army Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
Published online on: September 28, 2017 https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2017.992
Pages: 455-459

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the serum levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) during pregnancy and comparative analysis of serum markers levels in non-pregnant women and pregnant women. Pregnant women were divided into four groups according to their gestational age: 8-14, 15-20, 21-36 and ≥37 weeks. Non-pregnant women were divided into three groups according to their age: 20-40, 41-55 and 56-85 years, and women of reproductive age (20-40 years) as control, which match their age and body mass index with pregnant women. The levels of serum markers were measured by magnetic microparticle chemiluminescence immunoassay and compared among different gestational weeks or with the control. In pregnant women, from 8-14 to ≥37 weeks, FT3 and FT4 levels declined, and significant differences were identified between each group, except for FT4 at 21-36 weeks, when compared with ≥37 weeks. While TSH was increased and significant differences were identified between each group. Compared with the control group, the concentrations of FT3, FT4 and TSH were lower in pregnant women for all weeks except for TSH in ≥37 weeks. Reference intervals of FT3, FT4 and TSH in pregnant women are much lower than that of the control women. Pregnant women are likely to have lower thyroid hormone levels throughout pregnancy. The current reference intervals of thyroid hormones were not feasible for pregnant women and pregnancy-specific reference intervals should be established according to a local Chinese pregnant women database.

View Figures

View References

1	Allen EL and Miller EC: Thyroid function in normal pregnancy, pathologic pregnancy, and in patients on oral contraceptives. N C Med J. 28:417–429. 1967.PubMed/NCBI
2	Alemu A, Terefe B, Abebe M and Biadgo B: Thyroid hormone dysfunction during pregnancy: A review. Int J Reprod Biomed (Yazd). 14:677–686. 2016.PubMed/NCBI
3	Medici M, Korevaar TI, Visser WE, Visser TJ and Peeters RP: Thyroid function in pregnancy: What is normal? Clin Chem. 61:704–713. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4	Vila L, Velasco I, González S, Morales F, Sánchez E, Torrejón S, Soldevila B, Stagnaro-Green A and Puig-Domingo M: Controversies in endocrinology: On the need for universal thyroid screening in pregnant women. Eur J Endocrinol. 170:R17–R30. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5	Knight BA, Shields BM, Hattersley AT and Vaidya B: Maternal hypothyroxinaemia in pregnancy is associated with obesity and adverse maternal metabolic parameters. Eur J Endocrinol. 174:51–57. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
6	Monen L, Pop VJ, Hasaart TH, Wijnen H, Oei SG and Kuppens SM: Increased maternal TSH and decreased maternal FT4 are associated with a higher operative delivery rate in low-risk pregnancies: A prospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 15:2672015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
7	León G, Murcia M, Rebagliato M, Álvarez-Pedrerol M, Castilla AM, Basterrechea M, Iñiguez C, Fernández-Somoano A, Blarduni E, Foradada CM, et al: Maternal thyroid dysfunction during gestation, preterm delivery, and birthweight. The Infancia y Medio Ambiente Cohort, Spain. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 29:113–122. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8	Rovet JF: The role of thyroid hormones for brain development and cognitive function. Endocr Dev. 26:26–43. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
9	Wang W, Teng W, Shan Z, Wang S, Li J, Zhu L, Zhou J, Mao J, Yu X, Li J, et al: The prevalence of thyroid disorders during early pregnancy in China: The benefits of universal screening in the first trimester of pregnancy. Eur J Endocrinol. 164:263–268. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
10	De Groot L, Abalovich M, Alexander EK, Amino N, Barbour L, Cobin RH, Eastman CJ, Lazarus JH, Luton D, Mandel SJ, et al: Management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum: An Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 97:2543–2565. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
11	Niwattisaiwong S, Burman KD and Li-Ng M: Iodine deficiency: Clinical implications. Cleve Clin J Med. 84:236–244. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
12	Bulmus N, Ustuner I, Seda Guvendag, Guven E, Kir Sahin F, Senturk S and Baydur Sahin S: Thyroid diseases in pregnancy: The importance of anamnesis. Pak J Med Sci. 29:1187–1192. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13	Lundqvist A, Johansson I, Wennberg A, Hultdin J, Högberg U, Hamberg K and Sandström H: Reported dietary intake in early pregnant compared to non-pregnant women - a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 14:3732014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
14	Spencer L, Bubner T, Bain E and Middleton P: Screening and subsequent management for thyroid dysfunction pre-pregnancy and during pregnancy for improving maternal and infant health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 9:CD0112632015.
15	Benhadi N, Wiersinga WM, Reitsma JB, Vrijkotte TG and Bonsel GJ: Higher maternal TSH levels in pregnancy are associated with increased risk for miscarriage, fetal or neonatal death. Eur J Endocrinol. 160:985–991. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
16	Giacobbe AM, Grasso R, Triolo O, Tonni G and Granese R: Thyroid diseases in pregnancy: A current and controversial topic on diagnosis and treatment over the past 20 years. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 292:995–1002. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
17	Carreto-Molina N, García-Solís P, Solís-S JC, Robles-Osorio L, Hernández-Montiel HL and Vega-Malagón G: Importance of iodine in pregnancy. Arch Latinoam Nutr. 62:213–219. 2012.PubMed/NCBI
18	Karmon AE, Batsis M, Chavarro JE and Souter I: Preconceptional thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and outcomes of intrauterine insemination among euthyroid infertile women. Fertil Steril. 103:258–63. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
19	Moncayo R, Zanon B, Heim K, Ortner K and Moncayo H: Thyroid function parameters in normal pregnancies in an iodine sufficient population. BBA Clin. 3:90–95. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
20	Elahi S, Rizvi NB and Nagra SA: Iodine deficiency in pregnant women of Lahore. J Pak Med Assoc. 59:741–743. 2009.PubMed/NCBI
21	Duan Y, Peng L, Cui Y and Jiang Y: Reference intervals for thyroid function and the negative correlation between FT4 and HbA1c in pregnant women of west China. Clin Lab. 61:777–783. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
22	Leung AM: Thyroid function in pregnancy. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 26:137–140. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
23	Wang QW, Yu B, Huang RP, Cao F, Zhu ZQ, Sun DC and Zhou H: Assessment of thyroid function during pregnancy: The advantage of self-sequential longitudinal reference intervals. Arch Med Sci. 7:679–684. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
24	Cohen O, Pinhas-Hamiel O, Sivan E, Dolitski M, Lipitz S and Achiron R: Serial in utero ultrasonographic measurements of the fetal thyroid: A new complementary tool in the management of maternal hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. Prenat Diagn. 23:740–742. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
25	Krassas G, Karras SN and Pontikides N: Thyroid diseases during pregnancy: A number of important issues. Hormones (Athens). 14:59–69. 2015.PubMed/NCBI
26	Stricker R, Echenard M, Eberhart R, Chevailler MC, Perez V, Quinn FA and Stricker R: Evaluation of maternal thyroid function during pregnancy: the importance of using gestational age-specific reference intervals. Eur J Endocrinol. 157:509–514. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI