Molecular aspects of breast cancer resistance to drugs (Review)

Calaf,Gloria M.; Zepeda,Andrea B.; Castillo,Rodrigo L.; Figueroa,Carolina A.; Arias,Consuelo; Figueroa,Elías; Farías,Jorge G.

doi:10.3892/ijo.2015.3055

Molecular aspects of breast cancer resistance to drugs (Review)

Authors:
- Gloria M. Calaf
- Andrea B. Zepeda
- Rodrigo L. Castillo
- Carolina A. Figueroa
- Consuelo Arias
- Elías Figueroa
- Jorge G. Farías
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Affiliations: Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1001236, Chile, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile, Pathophysiology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
Published online on: June 18, 2015 https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.3055
Pages: 437-445

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Abstract

Despite continuous advances in the knowledge of breast cancer pathophysiology, this type of neoplasia remains a leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Carcinogenesis takes a progressive course from somatic mutations, alteration of the DNA repair mechanisms, inhibition of growth suppressors, followed by cell proliferation, tissue invasion and risk of metastasis. Less than 10% of all cancers are hereditary, and in the case of breast cancer only 8%, a phenomenon linked to genetic changes in BRCA1 or BRCA2. All the other cancers can be caused by an infection (15%) or in most cases (75%) the etiology is unknown. Patients with genetic mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 have 30-60% likelihood of developing a second primary breast cancer and between 11 and 45% risk of ovarian cancer, HER-2/neu is overexpressed in ~30% of human breast tumors and it has a predictive role in chemotherapy and endocrine therapy.

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