Open Access

Emerging applications of hypomethylating agents in the treatment of glioblastoma (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Thenzing J. Silva-Hurtado
    • Julio F. Inocencio
    • Raymund L. Yong
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: June 28, 2024     https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2024.2757
  • Article Number: 59
  • Copyright: © Silva-Hurtado et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

DNA hypomethylating agents (HMAs) such as decitabine and 5‑azacytidine have established roles in the treatment paradigms for myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia, where they are considered to exert their anticancer effects by restoring the expression of tumor suppressor genes. Due to their relatively favorable adverse effect profile and known ability to pass through the blood‑brain barrier, applications in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) and other central nervous system malignancies are under active investigation. The present review examines the types of HMAs currently available, their known and less‑understood antineoplastic mechanisms, and the evidence to date of their preclinical and clinical efficacy in glioblastoma and other solid malignancies. The present review discusses the potential synergies HMAs may have with established and emerging GBM treatments, including temozolomide, immune checkpoint inhibitors and cancer vaccines. Recent successes and setbacks in clinical trials for newly diagnosed and recurrent GBM are summarized in order to highlight opportunities for HMAs to improve therapeutic responses. Challenges for future clinical trials are also assessed.
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September-2024
Volume 21 Issue 3

Print ISSN: 2049-9450
Online ISSN:2049-9469

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Silva-Hurtado TJ, Inocencio JF and Yong RL: Emerging applications of hypomethylating agents in the treatment of glioblastoma (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 21: 59, 2024.
APA
Silva-Hurtado, T.J., Inocencio, J.F., & Yong, R.L. (2024). Emerging applications of hypomethylating agents in the treatment of glioblastoma (Review). Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 21, 59. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2024.2757
MLA
Silva-Hurtado, T. J., Inocencio, J. F., Yong, R. L."Emerging applications of hypomethylating agents in the treatment of glioblastoma (Review)". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 21.3 (2024): 59.
Chicago
Silva-Hurtado, T. J., Inocencio, J. F., Yong, R. L."Emerging applications of hypomethylating agents in the treatment of glioblastoma (Review)". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 21, no. 3 (2024): 59. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2024.2757