Open Access

PD‑1/PD‑L1 immune checkpoint in bone and soft tissue tumors (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Kazuhiko Hashimoto
    • Shunji Nishimura
    • Koji Goto
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: January 29, 2025     https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2025.2826
  • Article Number: 31
  • Copyright: © Hashimoto et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )


Abstract

Anti‑programmed cell death 1 (PD‑1)/PD‑1 ligand‑1 (PD‑L1) drugs have been used clinically, including those for skin cancer, with reasonable efficacy. Despite extensive ongoing research on bone and soft tissue sarcomas, there is a paucity of reviews that present a coherent picture. The present article is a comprehensive narrative review on the role of the PD‑1/PD‑L1 immune checkpoint in bone and soft tissue tumors. The review outlines the biological functions and mechanisms of action of PD‑1/PD‑L1 and its expression and clinical significance in various tumor types, including osteosarcoma and soft tissue sarcoma. Clinical trial results of immune checkpoint inhibitors, their association with prognosis, mechanisms of resistance to therapy, immune‑related adverse events, and their potential in combination therapies, were also discussed.
View Figures
View References

Related Articles

Journal Cover

April-2025
Volume 22 Issue 4

Print ISSN: 2049-9450
Online ISSN:2049-9469

Sign up for eToc alerts

Recommend to Library

Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Hashimoto K, Nishimura S and Goto K: PD‑1/PD‑L1 immune checkpoint in bone and soft tissue tumors (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 22: 31, 2025.
APA
Hashimoto, K., Nishimura, S., & Goto, K. (2025). PD‑1/PD‑L1 immune checkpoint in bone and soft tissue tumors (Review). Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 22, 31. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2025.2826
MLA
Hashimoto, K., Nishimura, S., Goto, K."PD‑1/PD‑L1 immune checkpoint in bone and soft tissue tumors (Review)". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 22.4 (2025): 31.
Chicago
Hashimoto, K., Nishimura, S., Goto, K."PD‑1/PD‑L1 immune checkpoint in bone and soft tissue tumors (Review)". Molecular and Clinical Oncology 22, no. 4 (2025): 31. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2025.2826