Open Access

Tea seed saponin‑reduced extract ameliorates palmitic acid‑induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells

  • Authors:
    • Shu-Chi Cho
    • Shyh-Yu Shaw
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: December 14, 2023     https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2023.13149
  • Article Number: 26
  • Copyright: © Cho et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Tea (Camellia sinensis) seed cake is a potential resource that contains a wealth of bioactive compounds. However, the high toxicity of tea saponins in tea seed cake restricts its applications. The present study aimed to i) develop a method of extracting bioactive compounds and reducing tea saponins during the process of tea seed cake extraction and ii) investigate the anti‑insulin resistance effect of tea seed saponin‑reduced extract (TSSRE) in a palmitic acid (PA)‑induced insulin resistance HepG2‑cell model. The concentration of tea saponins in TSSRE was ~10‑fold lower than that in tea seed crude extract (TSCE) after the saponin‑reduction process. In addition, TSSRE cytotoxicity was significantly lower than that of TSCE in HepG2 cells. TSSRE treatment improved glucose consumption as well as glucose transporter (GLUT) 2 and GLUT4 expression levels in PA‑stimulated HepG2 cells. Moreover, TSSRE enhanced the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate 1/protein kinase B/forkhead box protein O1/glycogen synthase kinase 3β and inhibited the elevated expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in PA‑exposed HepG2 cells. The effect of TSSRE on the mediation of the insulin signaling pathway was attributed to the inhibition of PA‑induced mitogen‑activated protein kinase activation. The findings of the present study indicated that TSSRE ameliorates hepatic insulin resistance by ameliorating insulin signaling and inhibiting inflammation-related pathways.
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February-2024
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Spandidos Publications style
Cho S and Cho S: Tea seed saponin‑reduced extract ameliorates palmitic acid‑induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells. Mol Med Rep 29: 26, 2024
APA
Cho, S., & Cho, S. (2024). Tea seed saponin‑reduced extract ameliorates palmitic acid‑induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells. Molecular Medicine Reports, 29, 26. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2023.13149
MLA
Cho, S., Shaw, S."Tea seed saponin‑reduced extract ameliorates palmitic acid‑induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 29.2 (2024): 26.
Chicago
Cho, S., Shaw, S."Tea seed saponin‑reduced extract ameliorates palmitic acid‑induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 29, no. 2 (2024): 26. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2023.13149