Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia with active pulmonary tuberculosis with venetoclax‑based anti‑acute myeloid leukemia regimen combined with an intensive and then individualized anti‑tuberculosis regimen: A report of two cases

Ji,Lin; Yang,Wei; Gao,Liu Jie; Zhang,Bei Yuan; Xu,Ya Qing; Xu,Xiao Feng

doi:10.3892/ol.2024.14734

Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia with active pulmonary tuberculosis with venetoclax‑based anti‑acute myeloid leukemia regimen combined with an intensive and then individualized anti‑tuberculosis regimen: A report of two cases

Authors:
- Lin Ji
- Wei Yang
- Liu Jie Gao
- Bei Yuan Zhang
- Ya Qing Xu
- Xiao Feng Xu
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Affiliations: Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
Published online on: October 11, 2024 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14734
Article Number: 601
Copyright: © Ji et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Patients with concurrent acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) exhibit certain characteristics; cough, phlegm, fever, hemoptysis, weight loss and dyspnea are common symptoms of both diseases. These patients often cannot tolerate traditional intensive chemotherapy regimens, and finding the optimal timing in the treatment of both AML and active pulmonary TB is complex. Neglecting timely treatment can lead to serious complications and even fatal outcomes. The present paper reports two cases of patients with AML who were diagnosed with active pulmonary TB. The patients received intensive anti‑TB treatment with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for 10‑15 days. After three consecutive negative sputum smears, the patients in cases 1 and 2 were treated with a venetoclax, homoharringtonine and cytarabine regimen; and a venetoclax and azacitidine regimen for anti‑AML therapy, respectively, as well as individualized anti‑TB regimens of isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol and quinolone. Subsequently, both patients achieved complete remission of AML and their active TB was well controlled.

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