Role of vitamin D in prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‑analysis

Sim,Gyuri; Kim,Yunjung; Lee,Sun Min; Hahn,Jongsung; Kim,Jongyoon

doi:10.3892/etm.2024.12741

Role of vitamin D in prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‑analysis

Authors:
- Gyuri Sim
- Yunjung Kim
- Sun Min Lee
- Jongsung Hahn
- Jongyoon Kim
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Affiliations: Department of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seongbuk, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea, Department of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk 54896, Republic of Korea, Department of Pharmacy and Research, Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeollanam 57922, Republic of Korea
Published online on: October 8, 2024 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2024.12741
Article Number: 451
Copyright: © Sim et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

The escalating prevalence of diabetes mellitus, projected to affect over 700 million by 2045, underscores the urgent need for effective management and prevention strategies, with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) constituting over 90% of these cases globally. The present meta‑analysis aims to rigorously evaluate the potential of vitamin D supplementation in mitigating the onset of T2DM, amidst the backdrop of its biological plausibility yet inconclusive evidence regarding its efficacy in reducing new incidences of the disease. A comprehensive literature search up to December 2023 in MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library, employing a strategy focused on diabetes and vitamin D, identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that explore the impact of vitamin D supplementation on T2DM onset in adults with impaired glucose regulation, incorporating quality assessment via the Cochrane ROB2 tool and utilizing meta‑analysis with RevMan Web to evaluate effect magnitude and heterogeneity. In a meta‑analysis of 11 RCTs with 5,221 prediabetic patients, vitamin D supplementation was associated with a 10% reduction in the progression to T2DM [RR, 0.90; 95% CI, (0.81‑0.99)] and a significant increase in regression to normoglycemia [RR, 1.24; 95% CI, (1.08‑1.43)], with no significant heterogeneity or publication bias observed. This meta‑analysis of 11 RCTs shows that vitamin D supplementation in prediabetic patients lowers the risk of T2DM and promotes regression to normoglycemia, with no significant differences in subgroup analyses or interaction with baseline vitamin D levels, ethnicity, or body mass index (BMI). Despite indications from some trials that baseline vitamin D status may influence outcomes, the present comprehensive analysis found benefits of vitamin D across diverse populations, including non‑obese individuals, without conclusive evidence linking supplementation to changes in BMI or age‑specific advantages.

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